sunan ibn majah authenticity

The language of textual authenticity (ia), right guidance and absolute submission to the transmitted revelatory teachings of Muammad and his early community permeate Sunni historical formation and identification. Kutub al-Sitta - Wikipedia Al-Silaf, Ab Bakr al-zim (d. 584/1188-9) and al-Nawaw of Damascus (d. 676/1277) mention only Five Books: the works of al-Bukhr, Muslim, al-Tirmidh, Ab Dwd and al-Nas (although al-Silaf notes that these are the works Muslims have agreed on after the Muwaa) (al-Silaf, 1981: 4:357-8; al-Nawaw, 1968: 4; al-zim, 2006). Al-Rfi thus moved to establish the truth value of this adth by stating that the report appeared in the Sunan of Ibn Mjah (d. 273/887), a book that the adth masters have associated (yuqarrinn) with the aayn [of al-Bukhr and Muslim] as well as the Sunans of Ab Dwd and al-Nas, and they have used it as proof (Al-Rfi, 1987: 1:7). Ibn ajar al-Asqaln, 1994, al-Nukat al kitb Ibn al-al, Masd Abd al-amd al-Adaf et Muammad Fris (ed. 3: Sunan Ab Dwd 4: Jmi' al-Tirmidh 5: Sunan al-Nas' 6: Sunan Ibn Mjah. Sunan Ibn Majah - Arabic. One of the Six Boooks, the Sunan of Ibn Majah, however, presents a bizarre exception. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it." ), Beirut, Dr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 19t. My only grievance is the text "breastfeeding an ADULT". Awa Allh (ed. Six Books. How to solve the coordinates containing points and vectors in the equation? Maktab al-Maarif. 5In general, canons form when a community authorizes a selection of texts to fulfill certain needs. Note that many narrations show that there was no "breastfeeding" of adults, but the mother milk was milked and then consumed by an adult from a vessel. ), Beirut, Dr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 14t. The Book of the Sunnah (17) Chapter: The virtue of the scholars, and encouragement to seek knowledge (17) It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah () said: It contains what others do not; like mention of the different views, angles of argument, and clarifying the circumstances of the hadith as being sahih, da'if, or gharib, as well as disparaging and endorsing remarks (regarding narrators). Ibn Majah - Wikipedia Finally the Six Book canon, which hails from the same period, adds either the Sunan of Ibn Majah (d. 273/887), the Sunan of al-Daraqutni (d. 385/995) or the Muwatta' of Malik b. Anas (d. 179/796). [7] Scholars such as al-Nawawi (d. 676/1277) and Ibn Khaldun (d. 808/1405) excluded Sunan Ibn Mjah from their lists of canonical Sunni hadith collections, while others replaced it with either the Muwaa of Imm Mlik or with the Sunan ad-Drim. The perennial core has been the Sahihayn. By comparison, according to al-Brs (d. 840/1436) compilation Mib al-zujja f zawid Sunan Ibn Mjah, the Sunan includes a much greater number, 1,552 adths, not found in the other Six Books. Sunan Ibn Majah (5 Vol. Set) - Authentic Statements Sunan Ibn Majah 3992 - Tribulations - - Sunnah.com This book has achieved widespread fame and gave him renown and prestigious status among the scholars of Hadith. The desire to increase the range of adths scholars could draw on was a natural byproduct of the Islamic scholarly tradition. A. C. (2009). The book is a comprehensive guide to all Muslims on the topic of following the Prophet Muhammad Sunnah and teachings. Although it is corroborated by other authentic Hadith, none of them even mentions the breastfeeding of adults. The Sunan was authored by Ibn Mjah (AD 824- 887). Le Maghreb, Identits confessionnelles et espace urbain en terres d'islam, Le travail et la question sociale au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient, Sciences, savoirs modernes et pouvoirs dans le monde musulman contemporain, La tradition manuscrite en criture arabe, Dbats intellectuels au Moyen-Orient dans l'entre-deux-guerres, Rules for Submitting English Language Manuscripts, A digital resources portal for the humanities and social sciences, The Canonical Culture of Ibn Mjah and its Discontents, Synecdoche: the Key to Ibn Mjahs Canonization, Catalogue of 614 journals. 13Ibn Mjahs Sunan attracted a certain amount of focused scholarly attention. His Sunan has gained world wide popularity for its peculiarities. Sunan Ibn Mjah (Arabic: ) is one of the six major Sunni hadith collections (Kutub al-Sittah). The term Sunan within the title refers to the collection's focus and chapter arrangement based on the particular Risalah subject, ahkam (general law). "We can discern three strata of the Sunni hadith canon. And this is the view of 'Aishah() , 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr, al-Laith ibn Sa'ad, 'Ataa' ibn abi Rabah, ibn 'Uliyyah and ibn Hazm against the view of the majority saying that this tahreem (prohibiton) applies only for the two first years based on: Mothers may breastfeed their children two complete years for whoever wishes to complete the nursing [period] (2:233). Sheikh Muhammad 'Ali al-Janbaaz in his commentary on Sunan ibn Majah (Injaz al-Hajah , Vol. Furthermore here a few statements and qualifications of the hadith narrations of Muhammad ibn Ishaaq: So far we could clarify that this hadith has sound and well documented part, but it includes an addition that is odd and was not backed up by any trustworthy narration! But if I happen to leave a Hadith without any comment, it should be considered as sound, albeit some of them are more authentic than others". Later hadith compendia often included other collections as well.' Jonathan AC Brown, The Canonization of Ibn Mjah: Authenticity vs. Utility in the Formation of the Sunni adth Canon,Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Mditerrane [Online], 129|2011, Online since 05 January 2012, connection on 28 June 2023. 35Although the explanation for the inclusion of Ibn Mjahs Sunan in the Sunni adth canon may lie in the added utility it provided, Muslim scholars could not rely on utility as an argument to justify canonicity. Like the other translations of the six books of hadith, Dar-us-Salam Publications, has taken great care in correct translation, simple and clear modern English language, and high quality publishing. One of the Six Boooks, the Sunan of Ibn Majah, however, presents a bizarre exception. Hanbal ibn Ishaaq said: I heard Abu Abdullah say: The narration of Ibn Ishaaq cannot be used as proof. The Mamluk-era anaf jurist Al al-Dn Mughuly (d. 762/1361) penned the first shar on the book that I know of (al-Ilm bi-sunnatihi alayhi al-salm shar Sunan Ibn Mjah al-imm) (Mughuly, 2007). Some 1329 hadith are only found in it, and not in the other five canonical works. [1] Introduction [ edit] Sunan Ibn Majah - Volume 1 by Umair Mirza. Sunan Ibn Mjah ( Arabic : ) is one of the six major Sunni hadith collections ( Kutub al-Sittah ). The only surviving book written by Ibn Majah is Sunan. And there are not in the book many adths with long isnds (nawzil), broken isnds (maq), incomplete isnds to the Prophet (marsl) or adths narrated by impugned transmitters, except for the small number indicated by Ab Zura (Ibn Nuqa, 1988: 120). The Musnad of Ibn anbal had long been acknowledged as containing many weak and even forged adths even by adherents of the anbal school of law (Ibn Taymiyya: 1:189-90).7 Yet the seminal Sunni scholar al-Suy (d.911/1505) claimed that everything in the collection was accepted (maqbl) in scholarly discourse (al-Suy, 1970: 1:3). Imam abu Hanifa added a caution-time of six months. 209/824, d. 273/887). It is relied on there, and it has many transmissions. Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Yazeed al-Rabei al-Qazwini, known as Ibn Majah, is considered one of the pioneers and imams of the Hadith. If one is not qualified to evaluate the reliability of each adth in the book or if one can find no qualified scholar who has ruled on that adth, then one should not attempt to use [that adth] as proof, or he will be like a wood collector at night (i.e., not know what he is gathering), and he may use a false adth as proof without knowing it (Al-Sakhw, 2003: 1:118). Many noted adth scholars omitted the work altogether from their canonical lists, limiting the selection to Five Books. The Sunan was authored by Ibn Mjah (AD 824- 887). Does Pre-Print compromise anonymity for a later peer-review? It took Abu Dawod 20 years to collect the hadiths. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Explaining the canonical status of Ibn Majahs Sunan despite these criticisms requires 1997, Trkh Baghdd, Muaf Abd al-Qdir A (ed. He made a series of journeys to meet most of the foremost traditionists of his time and acquired from them the most reliable hadiths, quoting sources through which it reached him. hadith - Sunan ibn Majah & suckling - Islam Stack Exchange They are known as 'al-Kutub al-Sittah' [The Six Books]. Another modern opponent of Salafism, the Moroccan adth scholar Amad al-Ghumr (d. 1960), also notes that a significant number of Ibn Mjahs sources are known liars or forgers (al-Ghumr, 1996: 1:119). Sunan Ibn Majah 1853. It consists of 4341 ahadith in 37 books. At this juncture, it should be remembered that Bukhari said, "I only included in my book Sahih Bukhari authentic traditions, and left out many more authentic ones than these to avoid unnecessary length". A Textbook of Hadith Studies: Authenticity, Compilation, Classification and Criticism of Hadith (p. 203). How to properly align two numbered equations? Third, are the hadith collected due to a contradiction; in this case, he clarifies its flaw. The Sunan was authored by Ibn Mjah (born 824 CE, died 887CE). 1 It was narrated that 'Aishah said: "The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow. Al-Khab al-Baghdd includes no biography of Ibn Mjah and never mentions his Sunan in the Trkh Baghdd or any of his other adth works. 28Criticisms of Ibn Mjahs Sunan have continued in the modern period from a variety of camps. Sunan Abu Dawood. 4,000 hadith The Sunan consists of 1,500 chapters and about 4,000 hadith. references from scholarly consensus on their reliability as representations of the Prophets Sunna. [PDF] Sunan Ibn Majah (Arabic-English) Vol. 1-5 - Archive.org Basically the matter which creates confusion in this narratiion is primarily is the addition: This addition was compiled by ibn Majah, imam Ahmad and abu Ya'ala in their Musnad and by at-Tabarani in his al-Mo'jam al-Awsat via ibn Ishaaq the known "biographer" of the prophet, who is an ambivalent narrator. The Kutub al-Sitta ( Arabic: , romanized : Kutub as-Sitta, lit. Beyond these two foundational classics, some fourth/tenth-century scholars refer to a four-book selection that adds the two Sunans of Abu Dawood (d. 275/889) and al-Nasa'i (d. 303/915). [2] About 20 of the traditions it contains were later declared to be forged; such as those dealing with the merits of individuals, tribes or towns, including Ibn Mjah's home town of Qazwin.[3]. ), Beirut, al-Maktab al-Islm, 184p. [5] Muammad ibn hir al-Maqdis (d. 507/1113) remarked that while Ibn Mjah's Sunan was well regarded in Rayy, it was not widely known among the broader community of Muslim jurists outside of Iran. The authors of the six collections are as follows: "We can discern three strata of the Sunni hadith canon. [12] Some scholars like al-Suyuti have criticised Ibn al-Jawzi's findings as being too strict, concluding that there are no fabricated hadith in the Jami. Beyond these two foundational classics, some fourth/tenth-century scholars refer to a four-book selection that adds the two Sunans of Abu Dawud (d. 275/889) and al-Nasa'i (d. 303/915). The Five Book canon, which is first noted in the sixth/twelfth century, incorporates the Jami' of al-Tirmidhi (d. 279/892). Subsequently, he mentions the opinions of the different jurists. Jonathan AC Brown, The Canonization of Ibn Mjah: Authenticity vs. Utility in the Formation of the Sunni adth Canon,Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Mditerrane, 129|2011, 169-181. ), 1967, Shur al-aimma al-sitta, Cairo: Maktabat al-Quds, 66p. [3], Al-Kattani said: "The Jami of at-Tirmidhi is also named The Sunan, contrary to those thinking them to be two separate books, and [it is also named] Al-Jami al-Kabir.[4]. 32This is certainly accurate by my count. Note that the wording of imam Ahmad's and ibn Majah's narrations have a slight difference. The Mursal Hadith (a tradition in which a companion is omitted and a successor narrates directly from Muhammad) has also been a matter of discussion among the traditionists. When Ibn al-al (d. 643/1245) needed evidence to support the validity of a controversial supererogatory prayer known as alt al-Raghib, which first was practiced in Jerusalem in the fifth/eleventh century, he turned to Ibn Mjah (Ibn Abd al-Salm, 2002: 54). As for the contradictory Ahadith, he states under the heading of 'Meat acquired by hunting for a pilgrim': "if there are two contradictory reports from the Prophet (SAW), an investigation should be made to establish what his companions have adopted". Usamah ibn Zayd RA praying at the grave of the Prophet SAW. (1) Chapter: What was narrated concerning the virtue of marriage (1) It was narrated that: Alqamah bin Qais said: "I was with Abdullah bin Masud in Mina, and Uthman took him aside. There are in the Sunan of Ibn Mjah a number of weak and forged adths such as the one mentioned on the virtues of Qazwn, he remarks (Ab Shma, 1978: 101). Saying that this doesn't necessarily mean that the same rule applied to children. In Sunni Islam, the canonical Six Books of hadith derive their authority as doctrinal references from scholarly consensus on their reliability as representations of the Prophets Sunna. For modern debates over whether or not Muslim women can lead mixed congregations in prayer, Ibn Mjahs Sunan is the only source of a adth prohibiting it (Ibn ajar, 2008: 173). Sunan Ibn Mjah is a collection of hadth compiled by Imm Muammad bin Yazd Ibn Mjah al-Qazvn (raimahullh). Sunan Abu Dawood has been translated into numerous languages. In his biographical dictionary of those scholars who had transmitted major adth collections after they were written, Ab Bakr Ibn Nuqa (d. 629/1231) of Baghdad builds on Ab Zura al-Rzs supposed praise for Ibn Mjah. ), Beirut, Dr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 3t. Is it generally understood by this hadith that verses were removed from the Quran after they were revealed? ), Riyadh, Maktabat al-Marif, 157 p. Al-Bayhaq Ab Bakr Amad, 1991, Marifat al-sunan wa al-thr, Sayyid Kusraw asan (ed. Al-aghn al-asan b. Muammad, 1985, al-Durr al-multaqa f tabyn al-ghala wa yalhi Kitb al-mawt, Abdallh al-Q (ed. More information . So they sought by adding the book of Ibn Mjah to the Five Books to increase the number of Prophetic adths. Of the Six Books, al-Sakhw singles out Ibn Mjahs Sunan as the book with which one has to exercise extreme caution when using. Although advocates of Ibn Mjahs Sunan lauded its author for his selectivity and critical rigor, luminaries of the Sunni adth tradition across the centuries have lambasted the book for the unreliability of its contents. (17) Chapter: The division of nations (17) It was narrated from 'Awf bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah () said: "The Jews split into seventy-one sects, one of which will be in Paradise and seventy in Hell. Abu Dawood also studied under Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. Although never part of the Six Book adth canon, Ibn Khuzaymas collection was also referred to as his a as well. The Christians split into seventy-two sects, seventy-one of which will be in Hell and one in Paradise. Later, the famous revivalist of the Hejaz, Muammad ayt al-Sind (d. 1750 CE), wrote a less formal marginal commentary (shiya) on it as well (Ibn Mjah, 1896) and an Indian adth scholar composed a commentary in the late nineteenth century (Ishaq, 1955: 146). 23 Alone among the Six Books, however, Ibn Mjahs Sunan has consistently attracted prominent critics of its reliability. 26Ibn ajar al-Asqaln is even more doubtful than al-Dhahab about Ab Zuras statement praising Ibn Mjah. 7Five of the six books of the famous Sunni Six Book canon all of them except Ibn Mjahs Sunan - rose to prominence during the fourth/tenth and fifth/eleventh centuries in the Islamicate heartlands of the Nile/Oxus region.The famous scholar of Egypt, Sad b. al-Sakan (d. 353/964) and Muammad b. Isq Ibn Mandah of Isfahan (d. 395/1004-5) both mention the four books of al-Bukhr (d. 256/870), Muslim (d. 261/875), Ab Dwd (d. 275/889) and al-Nas (d. 303/915) as agreed upon references. Reddit, Inc. 2023. In his famous a, al-Bukhr used only approximately 430 transmitters that Muslim did not. She said: "How can I breastfeed him when he is a grown man? Finally the Six Book canon, which hails from the same period, adds either the Sunan of Ibn Majah (d. 273/887), the Sunan of al-Daraqutni (d. 385/995) or the Muwatta' of Malik b. Anas (d. 179/796). By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. In CP/M, how did a program know when to load a particular overlay? Al-Bukhrs and Muslims books were of course known as the Two as (aayn). As the influential Shfi/Ashar jurist and adth scholar Ab Isq al-Isfaryn (d. 418/1027) stated: The authenticity of the reports in the aayn is epistemologically certain in terms of their texts (ulih wa mutnih), and no disagreement can occur concerning them. He never mentions hearing from or studying with Ab Zura al-Rz2 or al-Jzajn, and his Sunan is the only one of the Six Books never to draw on Isq b. Rhawayh. The third view is that breastfeeding that counts is that of a child without giving a specific end time (but puberty would be such a time) which was reported as the view of ibn al-Musayyib, ibn 'Umar and the majority of the wives of the prophet (). ), Riyadh, Dr al-Rya, 44 p. 1998, Siyar alm al-nubal tome 13, Shuayb Arn and Al Ab Zayd (ed. He penned a Tafsr and Trkh, but it was his Sunan which won him fame (Ibn Nuqa, 1988: 121).It was only in the late fifth/eleventh century, however, that Ibn Mjahs Sunan became widely recognized. Ibn Majah was an eminent scholar and memorizer of Hadith. Daeef Sunan at-Tirmidhi (nos. Abd al-Malik b. The first category consists of those of the traditions that are mentioned by Bukhari and/or Muslim. It consists of 4341 Ahadith. ), Beirut, Dr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 7t. Finally the Six Book canon, which hails from the same period, adds either the Sunan of Ibn Majah (d. 273/887), the Sunan of al-Daraqutni (d. 385/995) or the Muwatta' of Malik b. Anas (d. 179/796). Although it has been considered part of the Six Book collection since the late eleventh century, it has been consistently and severely criticized by Sunni scholars for the large number of unreliable hadiths it contains. Jonathan Brown is the Alwaleed bin Talal Chair of Islamic Civilization in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. In Ibn al-Jawzs (d. 597/1201) history of the central Islamic lands in the late sixth/twelfth century, the Muntaam, we find only a brief biography for Ibn Mjah noting that he wrote a Sunan amongst his other works (Ibn al-Jawz, 1992: 12:258). How to get around passing a variable into an ISR. Islam Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for Muslims, experts in Islam, and those interested in learning more about Islam. It contains over 4,000 adth in 32 books (kutub) divided into 1,500 chapters (abwb) . Ab Shma al-Maqdis, 1978, al-Bith al inkr al-bida wal-awdith, Uthmn Amad Anbar (ed. [4] About Sunan Ibn Majah. He said: No, by Allah, for I have seen him putting together the words of many narrators in a single hadith, and not separating the narration of one person from that of another. The scholars who produced them not only worked within an interconnected web of student/teacher relationships, they all also belonged to the nascent ahl al-sunna wa al-jama movement. The Translation of the Meaning of Jami Tirmidhi with Explanatory Notes and Brief Biographical Sketches of Major Narrators (p. 10). Specifically, it was widely considered to be one of the Six Books (al-kutub al-sitta), a selection of works which Sunni Muslim scholars have regarded as authoritative references for adth. There are several quotation of breastfeeding of adults in the sunnah see also in. 3The authority of Ibn Mjahs Sunan stemmed from its canonical status. [4] Some scholars considered Sunan al-Daraqutni to be the sixth book. 2 Al-Khall states that Ibn Mjah did hear from Ab Zura al-Rz, but I have found no evidence of this (al-Khall, 1993: 227). The sixth view is that of 3 years which was reported as the view of many among the scholars from al-Kufa. The Muntaam reveals how minor Ibn Mjah was in comparison with other canonical adth authors. ), Beirut, Muassasat al-Risla, 627 p. 1998, Tadhkirat al-uff, Zakariyy Umayrt (ed. [6] It was also Muammad b. hir who first proposed a six-book canon of the most authentic Sunni hadith collections in his Shur al-aimma al-sitta, which included Ibn Mjah's Sunan alongside Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan Nasai, and Jami al-Tirmidhi. "I refrained from narrating this Hadith". 7 Ibn Diya (d. 633/1235) states that Ibn anbal never intended his Musnad to be used as an unquestioned source of proof texts, since it is not permitted to use most of its adths as proof (Ibn Diya, 1998: 147). Criticism of the centerpiece of the Sunni adth canon, the famous aayn of al-Bukhr and Muslim, was normal in the pre-modern period and has continued, with much greater controversy, in the modern period (Brown, 2007: 300-331). Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. [1] Nonetheless, consensus among Sunni scholars concerning this six-book canon, which included Ibn Mjah's Sunan, did not occur until the 7th/13th century, and even then this consensus was largely contained to the Sunni scholarly community in the eastern Islamic world. 36Yet the criticisms of al-Dhahab, Ibn ajar and modern Muslim adth scholars also demonstrate how tenuous the claims about the authenticity of the Sunans contents have always been. Ibn ajars and al-Sakhws observations about the number of adths that Ibn Mjah added to the canon were insightful ex post facto explanations, not justifications. Sahih al-Bukhari. 5 page 193 ff) quoted the above statements and views and commented the statement: " breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed". Explaining the canonical status of Ibn Majahs Sunan despite these criticisms requires recognizing that the hadith canon was based not only on authenticity but also on utility. Sunan Ibn Majah 1853 - The Chapters on Marriage - Sunnah.com The great systematizer of the Sunni adth sciences, al-Khab al-Baghdd (d. 463/1071), recommended the following as the first steps in his adth study curriculum: first, mastering the esteemed books of al-Bukhr and Muslim, then the collections of Ab Dwd, al-Nas, al-Tirmidh and Ibn Khuzayma (al-Baghdd, 1983: 2:185). Sunan Ibn Majah is a collection of Hadith compiled by Imam Ibn Majah al-Qazvini ( ). Every Hadith book has various chapters and Hadees for each chapter is mentioned. Sunni scholars themselves acknowledged that, in the case of Ibn Majahs Sunan, utility trumped authenticity in the Sunni hadith canon. The late Ottoman scholar Muammad Zhid al-Kawthar (d. 1952), a rabid opponent of Salafism, agrees with his opponents on this count. The second category are those hadith which conform to the standard of the three scholars, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa'i and Abu Dawood, at a level less than Bukhari and Muslim. He abandoned the Magus beliefs and traveled to the Levant where he met Christian monks and adopted Christianity. Abd al-Salm wa Ibn al-alawla alt al-raghib al-mubtadaa, Muammad Nir al-Dn al-Albn et Muammad Zuhayr al-Shwsh (ed. Al-Subk Tj al-Dn, 1992, abaqt al-shfiiyya al-kubr, Abd al-Fatt Muammad al-alw et Mamd Muammad al-an (ed. The Five Book canon, which is first noted in the sixth/twelfth century, incorporates the Jami' of al-Tirmidhi (d. 279/892). Sunni scholars themselves acknowledged that, in the case of Ibn Majahs Sunan, utility One such adth reads: The horizons will be opened for you in conquest, and a city called Qazvin will be conquered by you. 'the six books') are six (originally five) books containing collections of hadith (sayings or acts of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) compiled by six Sunni Muslim scholars in the ninth century CE, approximately two centuries after the death of Prophet Muhammad. How then do we explain the canonical status of the work? Ibn Nuqa Ab Bakr Muammad b. It contains about 4330 Ahadith[5] (now roughly 4400), and has been divided into fifty chaptersdisputed as 46 books. 1 Sunan ibn Majah 1986 says It was narrated that Ash'ath bin Qais said: "I was a guest (at the home) of 'Umar one night, and in the middle of the night he went and hit his wife, and I separated them. In al-Rfis relatively lengthy biography of Ibn Mjah in his history of Qazvin, Ab Zura only disapproves of three adths (al-Rfi, 1987: 2: 49-53). As for adths that suffer from other flaws, such as adths that are too weak to be used as proof in legal discussions, then there may be as many as 1,000 in the book what al-Dhahab considered to be a quarter of the Sunans contents (Al-Dhahab, 1998 Siyar: 13:279)!5 Another Mamluk-era adth scholar, al al-Dn Khall al-Al (d. 761/1359), even promoted another adth collection above Ibn Mjahs book as the sixth book of the canon. The flexible boundaries of the Sunni adth canon stem from one of the chief functions of the canon: delimiting some selection of adths, whatever various scholars might consider its definitions to be, as a synecdoche for the Prophets boundless Sunna as a whole (Brown, 2007: 335-358). The traditions in Sunan Abu Dawood are divided in three categories. Jaami' at Timizi is a Hadith collection by Abu 'Eesa Muhammad ibn 'Eesa at Tirmidhi. So prominent was Ibn Mjahs legacy in his native city that al-Rfi also pauses to note a great nephew of Ibn Mjah in one biography in his history (al-Rfi, 1987: 3:328-9). 172, 801, 2494, 2505, 2681, 2699, 2714, 2762, 2887, 2888, 3570, 3684, 3709, 3923, 3928, & 3939). Al-Ghumr Amad, 1996, al-Mudw li-ilal sharay al- al-Munw, Cairo, Dr al-Kutub, 6t. Since the author collected hadiths which no one had ever assembled together, his sunan has been accepted as a standard work by scholars from many parts of the Islamic world,[3] especially after Ibn al-Qaisarani's inclusion of it in the formal canonization of the six major collections. Even if Ab Zura truly said that, al-Dhahab argues, then he must have meant only those adths that are clearly, indisputably forged.

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