how many islands in indo

Its flora and fauna are a mixture of Asian and Australasian species. In this case, the court ruled in favor of Malaysia and Indonesia lost two islands: Sipadan and Ligitan. [302] Examples include Toraja's Tongkonan, Minangkabau's Rumah Gadang and Rangkiang, Javanese style Pendopo pavilion with Joglo style roof, Dayak's longhouses, various Malay houses, Balinese houses and temples, and also different forms of rice barns (lumbung). [130], Indonesia has several levels of subdivisions. [182], Indonesia's transport system has been shaped over time by the economic resource base of an archipelago and the distribution of its 275million people highly concentrated on Java. [309] Examples include war dances, a dance of witch doctors, and a dance to call for rain or any agricultural rituals such as Hudoq. Indo Internet began operation in Jakarta in 1994. Several cases concerning conflicts between international parties and questions of sovereignty in certain areas of the South China Sea have already been reported. The economy reached its low point in mid-1999 with only 0.8% real GDP growth. This treaty also provides the definition of an island, claiming it as an area of land that cannot be completely covered by water at high tide. The army, led by Major General Suharto, countered by instigating a violent anti-communist purge that killed between 500,000 and one million people and incarcerated roughly a million more in concentration camps. [141] The country adheres to what it calls a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking a role in regional affairs in proportion to its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among other countries. [133], The village is the lowest level of government administration. The Sundanese are the next largest group (15.4%), followed by Batak, Madurese, Betawi, Minangkabau, Bugis and Malay people. There are five main islands in Indonesia Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), [2] Most Indonesians are descended from Austronesian peoples whose languages had origins in Proto-Austronesian, which possibly originated in what is now Taiwan. Muslim traders later brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. [13] In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesiansand, his preference, Malayunesiansfor the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or Malay Archipelago". How Many Islands Are There in Indonesia? - World Map / World Indonesia's largest rivers are in Kalimantan and New Guinea and include Kapuas, Barito, Mamberamo, Sepik and Mahakam. The total count is estimated at over 17,000 islands, though its worth noting that no two counts have ever been the same. The current population of Indonesia is 281,864,078 as of Wednesday, May 24, 2023, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. WebIndonesia is the world's largest island country by area (1,904,569 km 2 ), and by total number of islands (17,504 islands). [33], The first Europeans arrived in the archipelago in 1512, when Portuguese traders, led by Francisco Serro, sought to monopolise the sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in the Maluku Islands. The 300-acre island in Biscayne Bay has about 30 homes, a country club and golf course. [288][289] In addition, Indonesia has been reported to have sizeable numbers of child and forced labourers, with the former being prevalent in the palm oil and tobacco industries, while the latter in the fishing industry. [23] Ideal agricultural conditions and the mastering of wet-field rice cultivation as early as the eighth century BCE[24] allowed villages, towns, and small kingdoms to flourish by the first century CE. The Supreme Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Agung) is the highest level of the judicial branch and hears final cessation appeals and conducts case reviews. The first film produced in the archipelago was Loetoeng Kasaroeng,[320] a silent film by Dutch director L. Heuveldorp. [128] Other notable parties include the Party of the Functional Groups (Golkar), the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), the Democratic Party, and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). [148], Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950[c] and was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The report also indicates that Indonesia's performance is generally below average in both regional and global context. [187] In 2015, the government announced a plan to build a high-speed rail, which would be the first in Southeast Asia.[188]. [91] Of the 400 volcanoes, around 130 are active. [77], The spread of the population is uneven throughout the archipelago, with a varying habitats and levels of development, ranging from the megacity of Jakarta to uncontacted tribes in Papua. The two countries continue to share a land border, with West Timor belonging to Indonesian territory. The economies of Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Japan, Vietnam, Brunei, and South Korea, among many other countries rely on these waters. In Java, the village (desa) is divided into smaller units called dusun or dukuh (hamlets), which are the same as RW. Besides maritime transport, the South China Sea also supports an active fishing industry and is home to rich natural gas and petroleum deposits. This reflected the Dutch colonial empire's primary purpose, which was commercial exchange as opposed to sovereignty over homogeneous landmasses. Exactly where remains the question, especially to residents of the archipelago nation that consists of more than 600 islands in the Western Pacific, some 3,700 miles from Hawaii. [225] They are predominantly located in the central to eastern parts of Java and also in sizeable numbers in most provinces. [89], Tectonically, most of Indonesia's area is highly unstable, making it a site of numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. More cooling climate types do exist in mountainous regions that are 1,300 to 1,500 metres (4,300 to 4,900 feet) above sea level. the belief in the one and only God), often serves as a reminder of religious tolerance,[268] though instances of intolerance have occurred. [1] Of these, Javanese is the most widely spoken[77] and has co-official status in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. [239][243] About 10% of Indonesians are Christians, who form the majority in several provinces in eastern Indonesia. [272] Parents can choose between state-run, non-sectarian schools or private or semi-private religious (usually Islamic) schools, supervised by the ministries of Education and Religion, respectively. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) identified 140 species of mammals as threatened and 15 as critically endangered, including the Bali myna,[116] Sumatran orangutan,[117] and Javan rhinoceros. [199], Indonesia has a long history of developing military and small commuter aircraft. At 4,884 metres (16,024ft), Puncak Jaya is Indonesia's highest peak, and Lake Toba in Sumatra is the largest lake, with an area of 1,145 km2 (442 sq mi). Also, the Dutch language never had a substantial number of speakers or official status despite the Dutch presence for almost 350 years. The army has about 400,000 active-duty personnel. p. 43. [67] It brought out popular discontent with the New Order's corruption and suppression of political opposition and ultimately ended Suharto's presidency. There are five major islands namely Sulawesi, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, and Sumatra and two primary archipelagos: The Maluku Islands and Nusa Tenggara as well as sixty smaller archipelagos. Some of the islands are shared with other countries including Borneo (Brunei and Malaysia), Timor (East Timor), and New Guinea (Papua New Guinea). [124] The DPR passes legislation and monitors the executive branch. [81] For most of Indonesia, the dry season falls between May and October, with the wet season between November and April. The oceanic climate (Kppen Cfb) prevails in highland areas adjacent to rainforest climates, with reasonably uniform precipitation year-round. There are more than 17,000 beautiful Indonesian islands and most of them are still waiting to be traveled. [93] However, it has also resulted in fertile soils, a factor in historically sustaining the high population densities of Java and Bali.[94]. [92] Volcanic ash has made agricultural conditions unpredictable in some areas. Military To Build New Bases In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that legislative and presidential elections would be held simultaneously, starting in 2019. The enrolment rate is 93% for primary education, 79% for secondary education, and 36% for tertiary education (2018). Because of this reliance, the authority of the area is of the utmost importance. [340] Other popular dishes include rendang, one of the many Minangkabau cuisines along with dendeng and gulai. [142], Indonesia was a significant battleground during the Cold War. [139], Indonesia maintains 132 diplomatic missions abroad, including 95 embassies. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. References ^ Ganeri, Anita (2014). [132] The second level are the regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota), led by regents (bupati) and mayors (walikota) respectively and a legislature (DPRD Kabupaten/Kota). Each of these islands has been formally named by the Indonesian government. Media freedom increased considerably after the fall of the New Order, during which the Ministry of Information monitored and controlled domestic media and restricted foreign media. Political reforms in 1998 included the removal of the TNI's formal representation from the legislature. Another major grouping is the Melanesians, who inhabit eastern Indonesia (the Maluku Islands, Western New Guinea and the eastern part of the Lesser Sunda Islands). [e] Nearly every Indonesian speaks the language due to its widespread use in education, academics, communications, business, politics, and mass media. [337] Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences such as Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, and Indian precedents. [208] Overall, China, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, and Japan are the top five sources of visitors to Indonesia. In addition to refined and crude petroleum as the primary imports, telephones, vehicle parts and wheat cover the majority of additional imports. Not only does Indonesia risk losing its islands due to international disputes and judicial rulings, but the country is also taking on the growing threat of global climate change. [273] Private international schools that do not follow the national curriculum are also available. Most of these arrivals are political refugees from far-off places such as Pakistan, Iraq and Iran. [196] Historical examples of scientific and technological developments include the paddy cultivation technique terasering, which is common in Southeast Asia, and the pinisi boats by the Bugis and Makassar people. It is believed to have caused a global volcanic winter and cooling of the climate and subsequently led to a genetic bottleneck in human evolution, though this is still in debate. They have significantly impacted how other faiths are practised, evidenced by a large proportion of peoplesuch as the Javanese abangan, Balinese Hindus, and Dayak Christianspractising a less orthodox, syncretic form of their religion. A shared identity has developed with the motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), defined by a national language, cultural diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Influences from the Indian subcontinent, mainland China, the Middle East, Europe,[292][293] Melanesian and Austronesian peoples have historically shaped the cultural, linguistic and religious makeup of the archipelago. [205] As of 2019[update], Indonesia has launched 18 satellites for various purposes. There are five main islands in Indonesia Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), Sulawesi and Irian Jaya (the Indonesian part of New Guinea). The rest of the smaller islands are part of 30 smaller groups of islands in Indonesia bridging two continents, Asia and Australia. Anantara Uluwatu Bali Resort is a quiet place to enjoy the peacefulness, away from the crowds, explore clifftop temples, stay in hidden beaches, and check some of the world's best surf breaks. Raintree. [247] Examples of Indonesian native belief systems include the Sundanese Sunda Wiwitan, Dayak's Kaharingan, and the Javanese Kejawn. In 2020, the Gazeter of the Republic of WebJava, also spelled Djawa or Jawa, island of Indonesia lying southeast of Malaysia and Sumatra, south of Borneo (Kalimantan), and west of Bali. A string of volcanoes runs through Sumatra, Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, and then to the Banda Islands of Maluku to northeastern Sulawesi. As a result, the official poverty rate fell from 60% to 15%. Berita Bahasa Indonesia; Tok Pisin; Connect with ABC Most Indonesians also speak at least one of more than 700 local languages,[1] often as their first language. Because of its location between Oceania and Southeast Asia, it is considered a transcontinental country. [22] Austronesian peoples, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to Southeast Asia from what is now Taiwan. [98][99] The Sunda Shelf islands (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali) were once linked to mainland Asia and have a wealth of Asian fauna. [104], British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace described a dividing line (Wallace Line) between the distribution of Indonesia's Asian and Australasian species. China, the United States, Japan, Singapore, India, Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand are Indonesia's principal export markets and import partners. [103] Tropical seas surround Indonesia's 80,000 kilometres (50,000 miles) of coastline. The president may serve a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms. Indonesia has various clothing styles due to its long and rich cultural history. "Kropak 406; Carita Parahyangan dan Fragmen Carita Parahyangan", Makalah disampaikan dalam Kegiatan Bedah Naskah Kuna yang diselenggarakan oleh Balai Pengelolaan Museum Negeri Sri Baduga. 123. Increasing tree coverage to 30% in European cities could reduce deaths linked to urban heat island effect News article 21 June 2023 Directorate-General for Environment Issue 602 : The cooling effect of trees is well known, but no study has so far aimed to quantify how many premature deaths might be prevented through this [201] Former President B. J. Habibie played a vital role in this achievement. Although LGBT issues have been relatively obscure, the 2010s (especially after 2016) has seen a rapid surge of anti-LGBT rhetoric, putting LGBT Indonesians into a frequent subject of intimidation, discrimination, and even violence. [318] Modern performing art also developed in Indonesia with its distinct style of drama. [295], Indonesian arts include both age-old art forms developed through centuries and recently developed contemporary art. Indonesian dances derive their influences from the archipelago's prehistoric and tribal, Hindu-Buddhist, and Islamic periods. They preferred Malay Archipelago (Dutch: Maleische Archipel); the Netherlands East Indies (Nederlandsch Oost Indi), popularly Indi; the East (de Oost); and Insulinde. Gulf Islands sees more visitors by far than any other national park in Florida, clocking nearly 5.7 million people in 2022. ", "Share of people living in urban areas, 2017", "Demographia World Urban Areas, 15th Annual Edition", "Tapping the Indonesian Diaspora Potential", "The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society", "Minangkabau, Background of the main pioneers of modern standard Malay in Indonesia", "Language interference: Indonesian and English", "The Demographic History of the Dutch in the East Indies", "The Ambiguities of Religious Freedom in Indonesia", "Data Based on the Number of Followers According to Religion", Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia), "2016 Indonesia International Religious Freedom Report", "2003 International Religious Freedom Report", Handbook of Oriental Studies. How Many Islands Are There in Indonesia? Early modern Indonesian literature originates in the Sumatran tradition. [270][271], Education is compulsory for 12 years. The first general election was held in 1955 to elect members of the DPR and the Constitutional Assembly (Konstituante). How Many Islands Are There In Indonesia? (Officially) - Travel [23][222][223][224], The Javanese are the largest ethnic group, constituting 40.2% of the population,[2] and are politically dominant. Though no longer a majority, Hinduism and Buddhism remain to have a substantial influence on Indonesian culture.[252][253]. Between the 8th and 15th centuries, the Javanese civilisation developed refined stone sculpting art and architecture influenced by the Hindu-Buddhist Dharmic civilisation. The next conference will be held in 2021. Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity, and it is among the 17 megadiverse countries identified by Conservation International. [277], Government expenditure on healthcare was about 3.3% of GDP in 2016. In common with most of the Muslim world, Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel and has actively supported Palestine. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. As Indonesia continues to add islands to its territorial area with the help of advances in technological imaging processes, the country also loses islands every year. Large species such as the Sumatran tiger, rhinoceros, orangutan, Asian elephant, and leopard were once abundant as far east as Bali, but numbers and distribution have dwindled drastically. Following the implementation of regional autonomy measures in 2001, regencies and cities have become chief administrative units responsible for providing most government services. However, observers have pointed out that Indonesia has ties with Israel, albeit discreetly. The film industry expanded after independence, with six films made in 1949 rising to 58 in 1955. [217] The country currently possesses a relatively young population, with a median age of 30.2 years (2017 estimate). (2002), and Laskar Pelangi (2008). Indonesian Islands Indonesia,[a] officially the Republic of Indonesia,[b] is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. [185] Jakarta has the most extended bus rapid transit system globally, boasting 251.2 kilometres (156.1 miles) in 13 corridors and ten cross-corridor routes. [320] Notable films in this period include Pengabdi Setan (1980), Nagabonar (1987), Tjoet Nja' Dhien (1988), Catatan Si Boy (1989), and Warkop's comedy films. Its primary industries are fishing, petroleum, timber, paper products, cotton cloth, tourism, petroleum mining, natural gas, bauxite, coal and tin. [38][39][40][41], The Japanese invasion and subsequent occupation during World War II ended Dutch rule[42][43][44] and encouraged the previously suppressed independence movement. Winds are moderate and generally predictable, with monsoons usually blowing in from the south and east in June through October and from the northwest in November through March. [328] Most are between the ages of 15 and 19 and depend primarily on mobile phones for access, outnumbering laptops and computers. People wear national and regional costumes during traditional weddings, formal ceremonies, music performances, government and official occasions,[312] and they vary from traditional to modern attire. Indonesia lies between latitudes 11S and 6N and longitudes 95E and 141E. [83], Several studies consider Indonesia to be at severe risk from the projected effects of climate change. The marine area surrounding Indonesia and its neighboring countries is considered one of the most important in the world, primarily for international trading purposes. With around 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Some of the claims that the government of this country makes over certain pieces of land have been disputed over the years. [250] Buddhism arrived around the 6th century,[251] and its history in Indonesia is closely related to that of Hinduism, as some empires based on Buddhism had their roots around the same period. [299][300] Wood and stone are common materials used as the media for sculpting among these tribes. A transcontinental country spanning Southeast Asia and Oceania, it is the world's largest archipelagic state, extending 5,120 kilometres (3,181 mi) from east to west and 1,760 kilometres (1,094 mi) from north to south. Here's What You Should Know About Usmar Ismail", "The Last 10 Years of Indonesia's Film Industry", "Indonesian Films Race Past Pre-Pandemic Admissions Record; 'KKN Di Desa Penari', 'Satan's Slaves 2', Disney Movies Top 2022 Box Office; Theatrical Market Set For Growth", "The Internet in Indonesia: Development and Impact of Radical Websites", "Indonesia has 171 million internet users: Study", "Indonesian internet users turn to smartphones to go online", "Preserving intangible cultural heritage in Indonesia", "An Introduction to the Literature of Indonesia, 2015 Frankfurt Book Fair's Guest of Honor", "Celebratory rice cone dish to represent the archipelago", The Jakarta Method: Washington's Anticommunist Crusade and the Mass Murder Program that Shaped Our World, "Explaining the 2016 Islamist mobilisation in Indonesia: Religious intolerance, militant groups and the politics of accommodation", Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs, Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs, Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs, State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform, Cooperatives and Small & Medium Enterprises, Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration, Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center, Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, "Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries, African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&oldid=1160485666, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, States and territories established in 1945, Articles containing Indonesian-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2016, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Indonesian-language sources (id), Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Winters, Jeffrey A. [136][137] Yogyakarta is the only pre-colonial monarchy legally recognised within Indonesia, with the positions of governor and vice governor being prioritised for the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta and Duke of Pakualaman, respectively. [183] All transport modes play a role in the country's transport system and are generally complementary rather than competitive. [46][47][48][46], The Netherlands attempted to re-establish their rule, and a bitter armed and diplomatic struggle ended in December 1949 when the Dutch formally recognised Indonesian independence in the face of international pressure. ", "Thousands bid farewell to Yogyakarta, Pakualaman leader", "Putting Indigenous Papuans as the Leading Subject of Development", "Jakarta is Affirmed to be a Diplomatic Capital City", "The Foreign Policy of Indonesia In Light of President Jokowi's "Visi-Misi" Program", "What the United States Did in Indonesia", "Strategic Realignment or Dj vu? The third level are the districts (kecamatan, distrik in Papua, or kapanewon and kemantren in Yogyakarta), and the fourth are the villages (either desa, kelurahan, kampung, nagari in West Sumatra, or gampong in Aceh). Its main functions are supporting and amending the constitution, inaugurating and impeaching the president,[122][123] and formalising broad outlines of state policy. Indonesia covers 1.9 million sq km (741,052 sq mi) so counting all the islands that fit the UN criteria is no small task. On the international stage, Indonesia was the first Asian team to participate in the FIFA World Cup in 1938 as the Dutch East Indies. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. [326], Like other developing countries, Indonesia began developing Internet in the early 1990s. For the most part, Islam overlaid and mixed with existing cultural and religious influences, which shaped the predominant form of Islam in Indonesia, particularly in Java.

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