bombing of dresden civilian deaths

2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. They maintain that the figure is correct because it includes additional deaths from malnutrition and disease of those civilians subject to the expulsions. The West German government set up a unified body the Suchdienst (search service) of the German churches working in conjunction with the, In 1974, the West German Federal Archive (, In his 2000 study of German military casualties Rdiger Overmans found 344,000 additional military deaths of Germans from the, The German historians Hans Henning Hahn and Eva Hahn have published a detailed study of the flight and expulsions that is sharply critical of official German accounts of the cold war era. . The following schedule compares the total dead and living POW according to Overmans at 12/31/1944 with the figures of the German High Command. [16] This statistic does not include 200,000 German people with disabilities who were murdered in the Action T4 and Action 14f13 euthanasia programs.[17][18]. On July 12, 1967, residents of a large public housing development saw the black cabdriver badly beaten by police officers and followed them to the Fourth Police Precinct house, in Newark's . . -Civilian deaths- These are deaths due to natural causes not directly related to the war. And Paterson had 13 deaths including the bloodiest single event, a July 7 shooting in which four people were killed . Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. Rather, Dr. Funfack repeatedly tried to convince Irving to retract his claim that Dr. Funfack authored TB-47, but to no avail.[5]. How Many Germans Died under RAF Bombs at Dresden in 1945? [1] The legacy of the WWII bombing of Dresden. The team of experts has pored through more than 2,600 linear feet (800 linear meters) of files in the Dresden state archives and interviewed dozens of witnesses. (German government Statistical Office), Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. OKW Casualty Figures Sept 1, 1939 to Jan 31, 1945, Source of Figures: Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 19401945: 8 Bde. The WW2 casualties are staggering, it's been estimated that the total number of people killed in WW2 world-wide, civilians and soldiers, 1937 - 1945, was about 60 to 80 million people (those numbers per Wikipedia). Prisoners held during the war are listed in a separate schedule below. The correct death tollwhich is terrible enoughis between 25,000 and 35,000. In recent years there has been a joint Russian-German project to investigate the fate of POWs in the war. Dresden : Tuesday, 13 February, 1945 by Frederick Taylor | Goodreads Rise in deadly shootings worries N.J. cops. Here's where violence is [58][59], The Western Allies also took 134,000 German soldiers prisoner in North Africa[60] Regarding overall losses they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 1944 and 1945, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). -Expulsion and deportation dead - This estimate is only for the. Bombing of Hamburg in World War II - Wikipedia The West German government statistical office issued a report in 1958 that put the number of civilians dead or missing in the expulsions and forced labor in the USSR at 2,225,000(including 1,339,000 for Germany in 1937 borders; Poland 185,000, Danzig 83,200; Czechoslovakia 272,900; Yugoslavia 135,800; Rumania 101,000; Hungary 57,000; Baltic States 51,400. p. 30. Estimated figures for German World War II casualties are divergent and contradictory. The legacy of the WWII bombing of Dresden - DW - 02/12/2020 Irving was informed about the existence of the real TB-47 on April 5, 1966. After more than a decade, the authentic TB-47 was finally published (1977), proving once and for all that Irvings version was a mere forgery. This post is also available in: [7] Richard J. Evans, David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial, Section (5.2)(d)(v)(2). Allied forcesdemolished the city of Dresden inair raids on February 13 and 14, 1945. He points out that the figures for air raid dead in the last three months of the war were estimated in the West German figures at 300,000, which includes the deaths of 135,000 eastern refugees fleeing westward, Overy believes that this is not plausible. Militrgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, United States Strategic Bombing Survey,Civilian Defense Division final report. Were the 1945 Allied Bombings of Dresden Militarily Justified? Source of figures: Gregory Frumkin. [43] [11] However, the position of the German government, the German Federal Agency for Civic Education and the German Red Cross is that the death toll in the expulsions is between 2.0 and 2.5 million civilians. See also: German prisoners of war in northwest Europe, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union and German prisoners of war in the United States, The fates of German prisoners of war have been a concern in post war Germany. Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans, Soviet war crimes and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are disputed and range from 500,000[11][12][13] to over 2.0 million. Dresden, a city unaffected by bombing up to that point in the war, lost many thousands of civilians in the firestorm that was created by the Allies. A 2005 report by the German Red Cross put the death toll due to strategic bombing at 500,000. Newark shooting: Family members react to Debra Derrick killed while The German historian Rdiger Overmans believes, based on his research, that these figures are incomplete and unreliable. The research by Overmans concluded in 2000 that the total German military dead and missing were 5,318,000. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkriege. [148] A study by the German demographer Peter Marschalck put the total deaths directly related to the war both military and civilians at 5.2 million, plus an estimated decline in births of 1.7 million, bringing total population losses related to the war at 6.9 million persons within the borders of 1937. The Destruction of Dresden - Wikipedia Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Ploetz Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges Wrzburg, Ploetz 1960 page 80, Burkhart Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945. It was carried out at the behest of Francisco Franco 's rebel Nationalist faction by its allies, the Nazi German Luftwaffe 's Condor Legion and the Fascist Italian Aviazione Legionaria, under the code name "Operation Rgen". Before publishing TB-47, Irving failed to contact Dr. Funfack and confirm Dr. Funfacks alleged authorship of the document. -Germans remaining abroad-Includes expelled Germans who had emigrated to other countries or were in Denmark. total civilian casualties in Japan as a result of nine months of air attack were about 806,000 . The organisation was founded on 16 December 1919 to look after the World War I soldiers' graves. [55] The number of prisoners taken in the west in March and April was over 1,800,000,[56] more than double the 800,000 German soldiers who surrendered to the Russians in the last three or four months of the war. Page 262, The figure of 1,277,000 killed and missing from January1 1945 - April30 1945 was estimated by the U.S. Army in the 1947 report German Manpower[24], B. [159] There are those like Heinz Nawratil who try to equate the expulsions from Eastern Europe with the Holocaust. Last week, as Debra Derrick's family gathered to celebrate her 63rd birthday, she was shot and killed on the residential block of Lehigh Avenue in Newark. [164], James Bacque, a Canadian author with no previous historical research experience, has written a book Other Losses in which he claims that the United States are responsible for the deaths of 800,000 to 1,000,000 German POW. The vibrant city of Dresden (Smith). This trend has sadly continued. Despite these official reports, Irving inflates the death toll in order to, by comparison,diminish the role of Auschwitz-Birkenau in the Holocaust as well asthe number of Jews murdered throughout the war. Civilian bombing deaths (not including refugees) of 436,000 include 350,000 dead, 54,000 died of wounds and 32,000 missing and presumed dead. In 1950 the West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3,000,000 German civilians missing in Eastern Europe (1.5 million from pre war Germany and 1.5 million ethnic Germans from East Europe) whose fate needed to be clarified. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50.Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. [51] From early March these surrenders seriously weakened the Wehrmacht in the West, and made further surrenders more likely, thus having a snowballing effect. The forged TB-47 states that 202,040 people were killed in the Dresden air raid, with a possible death toll of 250,000. Rdiger Overmans, Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. For proof of his inflated figures, Irving uses a forged document, entitled TB-47 (Tagesbefehl 47, or Order of the Day No. Soviet sources reported that "In 1945 the German Army lost more than 1,000,000 men killed on the Soviet-German front alone."[34]. Cowering in basementsNazi authorities had failed to provide adequate air raid shelters for Dresden. [30] For the entire year 1945 Overmans puts total losses at 1,540,000 (1,230,045 in the final battles; 57,495 in other theaters and 252,188 POW). Their figures include Austria and conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe. Band III. Most responsible historians accept the death toll as somewhere between 25,000 and 35,000. The following studies were published by the West German government estimating expulsion deaths. The number of bodies burned in the Altmarkt was listed as 6,865. The fire made superheated air rise rapidly, creating a vacuum at ground level that produced winds strong enough to uproot trees and suck people into the flames. The town's anti-aircraft guns had been removed for use against the approaching Soviets, letting the bomber crews take undisturbed and deadly aim. American Fire Bombing and Atomic Bombing of Japan in History and Memory But the exact death toll has always been a question. Krivosheev gave a separate set of statistics that put losses at 2,230,000 Killed; 2,400,000 missing and 5,240,000 wounded. According to Krivosheev "The figures in the Wehrmacht documents relating to Germany's war losses are therefore contradictory and unreliable. The figures include those killed in the 1945 military campaign and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union. Bacque presents his arguments with a description of the horrific conditions at the Rheinwiesenlager POW camps and eyewitness accounts of retired US military officers. Official reports justify an estimate of between 25,000 and 35,000 killed. Dresden: The World War Two bombing 75 years on - BBC News Accordingly, the number of German killed and wounded was much higher in the East than in the West. [23], A. [103] Marshall's figures of enemy battle deaths are juxtaposed with deaths in the US Army only, suggesting that the losses of Japanese naval forces are not included, nor Japanese casualties in theaters where the Americans were not the main opposing force. Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit. "A million people were killed during the fire bombs of Dresden." - Reddit In 1992 when Overmans began the project, German military dead in the war listed at the military search service Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) were 4.3 million men (3.1 million confirmed dead and 1.2 missing and presumed dead). [4] Later on, it commenced to track German casualties again starting from 1946 after the World War II. Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen (1992), "Introduction", in Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen, Eisenhower and the German POWs, New York: Louisiana State University Press, forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, German Armed Forces Military History Research Office, German prisoners of war in northwest Europe, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, German prisoners of war in the United States, Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450), Erich Hampe "Der Zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg" pp.138-142, The German Reich and the Second World War, Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe, West German government statistical office, Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Quellen zur Geschichte der "Euthanasie"-Verbrechen 1939-1945 in deutschen und sterreichischen Archiven", Heeresarzt 10-Day Casualty Reports per Theater of War, 1945 [BA/MA RH 2/1355, 2/2623, RW 6/557, 6/559], Wehrmacht Monthly Casualty Reports, 1945 [BA/MA RM 7/810]. Total civilian deaths during the Blitz were around 40,000 Extensive bomb and blast damage to Hallam Street and Duchess Street during the Blitz, Westminster, London 1940 Image Credit: City of Westminster Archives / Public Domain The Blitz effectively ended when Operation Sealion was abandoned in May 1941. The History Learning Site, 19 May 2015. The German historian Martin Broszat (former head of Institute of Contemporary History in Munich) described Nawratil's writings as "polemics with a nationalist-rightist point of view", and that Nawratil "exaggerates in an absurd manner the scale of 'expulsion crimes'". [1] Richard J. Evans, David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial, Section (5)(5.2)(d)(i) at www.hdot.org. The West German government set up the Maschke Commission to investigate the fate of German POW in the war; in its report of 1974 the Maschke Commission found that about 1.2 million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1 million in the USSR. [130] Not included in these figures are civilians who died in the fighting and atrocities in East-Prussia (Konigsberg, Pillau), Pommerania (Danzig, Kolberg) and Silesia (Breslau). According to Gregory Frumkin this presumably referred to aggregate German forces including those conscripted outside the 1937 German borders. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50. Report: Dresden bombing deaths overestimated - NBC News Official statistics published by the West German government 1956 put the death toll due to air raids at 635,000. PART I LAND Section A, ENEMY OPERATIONS. For instance, historian Earl A. Beck, who extensively researched the air war in Germany, said . Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. His account convincingly reduced the figure to 25,000. He estimated total air raid deaths at 353,000. Source of figures Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg page 286, Source:Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50.Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. 5. He believes that in addition to the 363,000 confirmed POW dead in the USSR. The German Red Cross reported in 2005 that the records of the military search service WAS list total Wehrmacht losses at 4.3 million men (3.1 million dead and 1.2 million missing) in World War II. Justification: The bombing of Dresden, The Defendants criticisms of Irvings account of the bombing, 11.7) at www.hdot.org. [3] Richard J. Evans, David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial, Section (5)(5.2)(d)(i). Auschwitz, like the bombing of Dresden, 60 years ago this weekend, was an act of total war (Letters, February 10). Ullstein Taschenbuch vlg., 2002. Erika Steinbach, the current President of the Federation, provoked outrage when she supported the statements of other members of the expellee organization claiming that Hitler's attack on Poland was a response to Poland's policy. The Hahn's believe that the official German figure of 2 million deaths is a historical myth that lacks foundation. Contrary to the claims of the "Court Historians", the Allied Terror-Bombing Campaign was not intended for the destruction military targets . Statistics for German World War II military casualties are divergent. You must be 18 years old or over to see this photo. The authors maintain that the German figures for 1940 through 1943 of 111,000 killed was generally correct and that their estimate of 311,000 dead for the years 1944 and 1945 was based on the tons of bombs dropped and the population size of the cities bombed. In the days that followed, they and their US allies would drop nearly 4,000 tons of bombs in the. Bacque alleges that General Eisenhower and the US military deliberately withheld support for the German POW, causing their deaths. The range is so wide mainly due to . . 9/1, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 1945-1948. [31] Overmans 1,230,045 figure for the "final battles" includes (1) killed, (2) missing, (3) otherwise deceased "without prisoners of war", as is differentiated on p.272. Bombing of German civilians World War II quotes. It's a reflection of how combat has changed from something that usually . The Aftermath of The Bombing of Dresden, Germany 1945 1 / 3 3.1K 320 320 Comments Best Add a Comment Talska 1 yr. ago Nazi sympathizers get banned. State Secretary in the German. The 805 British and about 500 American bombers inflicted destruction on an unimaginable scale on the virtually-undefended, refugee-crammed city's old town and inner suburbs. by Konrad Adenauer. English language sources have put the death toll at 2 to 3 million for the flight and expulsion of the Germans. Overmans was an associate of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office from 1987 until 2004 and was on the faculty of the University of Freiburg from 1996 to 2001. The Allied firebombing of the eastern German city of Dresden in 1945 killed no more than 25,000 people far fewer than scholars' previous estimates running as high as 135,000 a special commission has found. Figures for missing include POW held by Allies. There is / will be a lot of debate on this thread. Figure includes 853,000 in the, This page was last edited on 14 May 2023, at 19:27. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkriege. [162] The Federation of Expellees initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions. Holocaust deniers claim: The number of German civilians killed in the Allied air raid on Dresden was at least 135,000 and possibly as high as 250,000. He pointed out that the heavy death toll estimated by the Maschke Commission of 80,000 German POW in Yugoslavia was based on documented eyewitness accounts. Many men who went missing or were taken prisoner were not included in the German High Command (OKW) figures. [119] The civilian deaths in the air raids on eastern Front after 1/31/1945 are also included with the figures of the losses during the Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450)[120], (1) Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Understanding the Bombing of Dresden - CliffsNotes Photos of the Bombing of Dresden Germany During World War II Arrests made in New Jersey birthday party shooting that left three dead Notes: Figures include Waffen SS, Austrians, conscripted ethnic Germans, Volkssturm, and other paramilitary forces. In 2005 the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) put the total combined German military and civilian war dead at 7,375,800, including ethnic Germans outside of Germany and Austrians. The German historian Rdiger Overmans used the files of WASt) to conduct his research project on German military casualties. Why Agonize Over Hiroshima, Not Dresden? - Los Angeles Times On March 27 Eisenhower declared at a press conference that the enemy were a whipped army . . The figure has long been a matter of dispute, heightened by . Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Bd. [7][8][9][10][4] The bombing of Dresden in February 1945 has remained one of the more controversial aspects of World War Two. 74 years ago, Allied bombers obliterated one of Germany's most beautiful cities here are 18 photos of the bombing of Dresden Christopher Woody Updated Feb 15, 2019, 6:15 AM Commuters board a. bombing of Dresden, during World War II, Allied bombing raids on February 13-15, 1945, that almost completely destroyed the German city of Dresden. Some estimates have run to 135,000 or more. [52] In March the daily rate of POWs taken on the Western Front was 10,000;[53] in the first 14 days of April it rose to 39,000[54] and in the last 16 days the average peaked at 59,000 soldiers captured each day. 1993 in David Irving: A Political Self-Portrait David Irving: A Political Self-Portrait: Electronic Edition. (1.2 Holocaust myth as Jewish extortion, 1.2/L). [118] However, estimates from other sources tend to be lower, ranging from 305,000 to 500,000 persons killed by Allied bombing of German cities. This article is currently not comprehensive, but lists strategic bombing of cities and towns, and human death tolls starting from before World War II . Holocaust deniers often use the Allied bombing of Dresden (February 13-14, 1945) as evidence of Allied war crimes. (, Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. The research is to continue until 2009. By Elisha Fieldstadt. Since the end of World War II, scholars have varied in their tally of people killed by waves of British and U.S. bombers on Feb. 13-14, 1945. Losses Reported by OKW September1 1939 April30 1945 (For all branches of service), Source: Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945 Vol 3. By the end of 1954, they had identified approximately 4 million military dead and missing (2,730,000 dead and 1,240,629 missing). [165] Rdiger Overmans believes that "on the basis of factual individual data, shown before, the thesis of the Canadian James Bacque cannot be supported". Newark Brothers Charged With Murdering Woman on Her Front Porch - NBC "Several other attacks on German and Japanese cities produced exponentially more casualties than the bombing of the city of Dresden. The Allies hoped the bombing would hurt the Nazis where they would feel it most, and help force their capitulation. -Germans remaining in Poland in October 1946 were 1,750,000, but by 1950 the number had been reduced to 1,100,000 because of expulsions after October 1946. Overmans estimates the actual death toll of German POWs is about 1.1 million men (including 1.0 million in the USSR); he maintains that among those reported as missing were men who actually died as prisoners. [4], According to the records of the western Allies 2.8 million German soldiers surrendered on the Western Front between D-day and the end of April 1945; 1.3 million between D-day and March 31, 1945,;[50] and 1.5 million of them in the month of April. Included in the total of 635,000 air raid dead were losses for Germany in 1937 borders which totaled 593,000. Marshall's figure is 126,000. (2) Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78. The project sought to determine total deaths and their cause, when and in which theatre of war the losses occurred as well as a demographic profile of the men who served in the war. Between 13-15 February 1945, over a thousand heavy bombers of the Royal Air Force and the U.S. 8th Air Force struck the city of Dresden in eastern Germany. we killed five times that number in Dresden in one night.As Irvings argument goes, ifthe Allies committed such a massive atrocity at Dresden, then the importance of Auschwitz-Birkenau as a symbol of Nazi war crimes has been overblown. Overall, Overmans estimates losses for the entire war on the Eastern front at 4 million and in the West 1 million. . Two Newark brothers have been arrested on murder and other charges in the shooting death of a 63-year-old woman from the same . Why Was Dresden So Heavily Bombed? | HISTORY The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p256. The German historian Rdiger Overmans in 2000 published the study Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (German Military Casualties in the Second World War), which has provided a reassessment of German military war dead based on a statistical survey of German military personnel records.

Genre Influenced By Philly Soul, General Tso Tofu Buddhist Chef, How To Treat Swollen Eyes From Sunburn, Articles B