how did ohio get its name

During the Civil War (186165) Ohio played a key role in providing troops, military officers, and supplies to the Union army. In Columbus they opened the Southern Theatre in 1894, as well as their own Palace Theatre and Ohio Theatre, which hosted performers such as Jack Benny, Judy Garland, and Jean Harlow. Most prominent among these were a series of squatters settlements with various names circa 1774 to 1795 in the area of what is today Martin's Ferry, directly across river from Fort Henry. Get HISTORYs most fascinating stories delivered to your inbox three times a week. 106 (16): 65616566. George Washington Shrock was originally from Virginia and moved to Blendon Township in 1840. In the 1980s Ohio heavily supported the elections of President Ronald Reagan and his celebrated his success in winning the Cold War. That brings us to the whole purpose of this article: Have you ever wondered how your state got its name? Other famous individuals- native Ohioans and those who were just later associated with the state- include Annie Oakley, Clarence Darrow, Thomas Edison, Niel Armstrong and less beloved figures, like President William McKinley and General George Custer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. On March 1, 1803, Ohio was admitted to the union as the 17th state. Roosevelt lost the state but still won reelection. [16] They had occupied a trading post called Loramie's Fort, which the French attacked from Canada in 1752, renaming it for a Frenchman named Loramie and establishing a trading post there. Milo Milton Quaife, "The Ohio Campaigns of 1782. In Ohio, the Miami, Wyandot, Shawnee, Lenape, Seneca, Ottawa, Wabash, Illinois, Hochunk, Sauk and Fox nations joined under an Miami warrior who had been asked to fight as their War Chief, Little Turtle. Many also traveled part of the way by barges on the Mohawk River across New York state. In the early 1750s George Washington was sent to the Ohio Country by the Ohio Company to survey, and the fight for control of the territory would spark the French and Indian War. Early in the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress signed the Treaty of Fort Pitt with the Lenape people, which should have guaranteed that all Native lands of Ohio, excepting the Western Reserve, would become a state explicitly under control of the Native peoples who inhabited it in return for their supporting the patriot cause, however a breakdown in communication led to the Ohio Natives' not properly responding and the Continental Congress's assumption that they wanted no part in the union, but to maintain their own sovereignty, therefore the treaty was never fulfilled and many of Ohio's Native peoples were left in confusion as to who to support during the war, leading to their people's being regularly victimized by both sides. In 1752 the French raided the Miami Indian town of Pickawillany (modern Piqua, Ohio). A heavy flood of migrants came from New York and especially New England, where there had been a growing hunger for land as population increased before the Revolutionary War. [8] But, as the Dutch feared giving the Iroquois firearms, they later found new allies- presumably the English, 30 years before the English had formally claimed Iroquois lands. As a result of the exploits of George Rogers Clark in 1778, Ohio Country (including the territory of the future state of Ohio) as well as eastern Illinois Country, became Illinois County, Virginia by claim of conquest under the Virginia Colony charter. Fanfo/Shutterstock By John Segura | June 27, 2023 8:51 pm EST If you're not from Ohio, especially the Columbus area, you're probably wondering what Johnny Marzetti is. Although the question has appeared in 1932, 1952, 1972, and 1992, the people have not found the need for a convention. Its athletic teams are among some of the nation's best, and culturally the state continues to produce notable artists while building institutions enshrining its past. Ohio - Wikipedia The Guyandotte may have been related to a small Iroquoian tribe called the Petun, which had also been destroyed in the war. Its organizers warned of the need to purify America, especially against the influence of Catholics, bootleggers, and corrupt politicians. Ohio's economic growth was aided by their pursuit of infrastructure. The nickname gained solidarity during William Henry Harrison's 1840 presidential campaign. The Late Archaic period featured the development of focal subsistence economies and regionalization of cultures. Perhaps the biggest invention in Ohio and the US was the invention of flight by Dayton's Orville and Wilbur Wright. [61], The investment in infrastructure complemented Ohio's central location and put it at the heart of the nation's transportation system traveling north and south and east and west, and also gave the state a headstart during the national industrialization process which occurred between 1870 and 1920.[57]. [129] From 2005 to 2015, " Ohio's economy grew more slowly than the U.S. as a whole, growing at an average nominal (i.e., not inflation-adjusted) annual rate of 2.6%, compared to the U.S. average annual growth rate of 3.2% over the same time period. The Prairie State gets its official name from Native Americans. They combined a commitment to popular rule to neutralize machine bosses, opposition to monopolistic trusts and railroads, and a quest to reduce waste and inefficiency. American settlement of the Northwest Territory was resisted by Native Americans in the Northwest Indian War. Curious Cbus: How Did Circleville Get Its Name? | WOSU News How did the Ohio river get its name? - Answers Herbert H. Dow founded the Dow Chemical Company in Cleveland in 1895, today the world's second largest chemical manufacturer. [70] They were sophisticated, educated, and open minded, as well as religious. Cold War base and a precursor to NORAD. That there was continuous occupation of such lands is certain, though the location and continuity of any particular settlement, at least a few of which were referred to loosely as "towns" is very much in doubt. Geauga County's beautiful landscape and abundant natural resources have attracted waves of immigrants, from 19th century New Englanders and Amish to 20th century ethnic and suburban families. The Aleuts (a name given to them by Russian fur traders in the mid 18 th century; they used to, and sometimes still do, call themselves the Unangan), natives of the Aleutian Islands, referred to. The state of Ohio USA (public domain image). Before that, Native Americans speaking Algonquin languages had inhabited Ohio and the central midwestern United States for hundreds of years, until displaced by the Iroquois in the latter part of the 17th century. He greatly impressed the local Indians, who in admiration dubbed him "Hetuck", meaning "eye of the buck deer" "Big Buckeye". By the Royal Proclamation of 1763, British lands west of Appalachia were forbidden to settlement by colonists. ", The expansion of New England: the spread of New England settlement and institutions to the Mississippi River, 16201865 by Lois Kimball Mathews page 175, "Removal Era", accessed September 8, 2010. [35], In 1787, the United States created the Northwest Territory under the Northwest Ordinance of that year. Correspondingly, the first church in Marietta was a Congregationalist church which was constructed 1786. Ohio was active in the Progressive movement in the early 20th century. Brewing was a main feature of the German culture. [43][44][45] Historians believe this is how Ohio came to be known as the Buckeye State and its residents as Buckeyes.[46]. A 1950s photograph shows the town center of Knockemstiff, Ohio. The Roaring Twenties brought prohibition, bootlegging and speakeasies to the state, as well as the swing dance culture. The result is a fascinating mix of past and present, rural culture and small town life, in seven school districts, sixteen townships, four villages, and . What is the nickname for Toledo? Michael Joseph Owens invented the first semi-automatic glass-blowing machine while working for the Toledo Glass Company. What's in a Name? Ask Knockemstiff - The New York Times This was also a route for exports, as were the railroads. On September 10, 1813, the Battle of Lake Erie, one of the major battles, took place in Lake Erie near Put-in-Bay, Ohio. George Washington was so impressed that he made Putnam his chief engineer. John P. Parker of Ripley invented the Parker Pulverizer and screw for tobacco processes. Federated Department Stores was founded in Columbus in 1929, known today as Macy's. Frederick McKinley Jones invented refrigeration devices for transportation which ultimately led to the Thermo King Corporation. Ohio became heavily anti-Communist during the Cold War following World War II. Kettering history: 9 things to know about the city - Dayton Daily News Delve into the history of Cincinnati's name, and learn how the "Queen City of the West" acquired its moniker. [62] Early on, the US was interested in creating a national public schooling system, but the irony came to be that, in Ohio, the various religious groups who had settled here refused to allow one another any say in what their own children would be taught, causing the issue to be constantly put on hold. By 1901, the Midwest (Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ohio) had absorbed 5.8 million foreign immigrants and another million by 1912.[79]. During the migration westward, women's diaries show little interest in and financial problems, but great concern with the threat of separation from family and friends. Construction of a commuter rail began in 1851 called the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad. Migrants to the latter came chiefly from Virginia and other slave-holding states, and brought their culture and slaves with them. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. pp. European settlement of Ohio may fairly be said to have been in progression before establishment of the Northwest Territory and the first generally recognized town of Marietta. Little Barley Grass, Buckwheat and Sunflower, domesticated from plants available in the Ohio River Valley, while some others, like White Alder Grass and Maygrass originated from Missouri and the Deep South, respectively. The NFL was originally founded in Ohio and the state has since given us many famous stars across various sports. The first dental school in the United States was founded in the early 19th century in Bainbridge. Ohio Indians participated in that war until an armed expedition in Ohio led by Colonel Henry Bouquet brought about a truce. With Ohio's population reaching 45,000 in December 1801, Congress determined that the population was growing rapidly and Ohio could begin the path to statehood. This was especially exasperated in the late 19th century, when racial violence against all sorts of people- including Native Americans- reached such a horrifying peak nationwide, that most such people went out of their ways to seem as white as possible.[69]. citizens. [17] Just beyond Ohio Country was the great Miami capital of Kekionga which became the center of British trade and influence in Ohio Country and throughout the future Northwest Territory. Between Lincoln and Hoover, every Republican president who did not gain the office by the death of his predecessor was born in Ohio; Ulysses Grant, although born in Ohio, was legally a residence of Illinois when he was elected. In addition, British officials operating from Canada harbored and armed the Native Indians into attacking American settlers mainly in an effort to establish a pro-British Indian barrier state in U.S. territory south of the Great Lakes region. According to U.S. Census Bureau statistics, the foreign-born share of Ohio's population increased from 2.4% in 1990, to 3.0% in 2000, to 4.1% in 2013. Do not sell or share my personal information. September 9, 2022 Photo: Getty Images William Shakespeare didn't take much stake into what goes into a name. The Glass City Founded in 1833, Toledo has become well known for its industry, particularly in auto assembly and glass (hence the nickname "The Glass City"). The names of all the 50 states reflect their histories From the tribes native of the region to the European countries who colonized. It became involved in heated national disputes with southern American states in 2009 and 2010, including Georgia over National Cash Register Company and Alabama over Wright Patterson Air Force Base, where southern lawmakers were accused of misusing federal funds and influence to "steal" Ohio jobs during the Great Recession.[144][145]. Initially colonized by French fur traders, Ohio became a British colonial possession following the French and Indian War in 1754. With these more sophisticated weapons, the Five Nations nearly exterminated[citation needed] the Huron and all of the other Native Americans living immediately to their west in the Ohio country during the Beaver Wars, beginning in 1632. The result was a lasting enmity by the Iroquois Confederacy towards the French, which caused them to side with the Dutch fur traders coming up the Hudson River in about 1626. marker as seen from a distance. Artists, writers, musicians and actors developed in the state and often moved to other cities which were larger centers for their work. [131] Although the state experienced heavy manufacturing losses around the start of the 20th century and suffered from the Great Recession, it was rebounding by the second decade in being the country's 6th-fastest-growing economy through the first half of 2010. [88] Ohio troops fought in nearly every major campaign during the war. Ohio was a microcosm of the United States, balanced closely between the parties, and at the crossroads of America: between the South, the Northeast, and the developing West, and influenced by each. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768 explicitly reserved lands north and west of the Ohio as Indian lands. During the 1930s, the Great Depression struck the state hard. Ohio played an important part in the Underground Railroad prior to the war, and remained a haven for escaped and runaway slaves during the war years.[86]. Ohio sports teams are among the nation's best, with a strong fan base that promites local and regional pride. Three small communities, Williamsport (founded 1827), Freedom (founded 1830), and Liberty (founded 1850) merged at this time. The state has produced 319 Medal of Honor recipients,[91] including the country's first recipient, Jacob Parrott. The state of Ohio is named after the Ohio River. Smith, Bruce D.; Yarnell, Richard A. Anthony Wayne commanded two US Army regiments with the mission of defeating the native Americans of the Northwest who had twice defeated the US Army. [129] From 2000 to 2016, "the pace of employment growth in Ohio has trailed the national pace, except for the three-year period between 2010 and 2013."[129]. Fort Ancients held the south and another group called The Monongahela Culture extended slightly into eastern Ohio, just south of the Erie, from across the Ohio River. The construction of the Erie Canal in the 1820s allowed Ohio businesses to ship their goods through Lake Erie and to the east coast, which was followed by the completion of the Ohio and Erie Canal and the connection of Lake Erie with the Ohio River. The Five Nations enlarged their territory by right of conquest. Once Ohio became a state there was much discussion and negotiation over what the Capital of the state should be. [132] Politically the state has demonstrated its importance in modern presidential elections, signed international cooperation treaties with foreign provinces and northern American states, has become involved in heated national disputes with southern American states, while producing national leadership. In Cincinnati, Granville Woods invented the telegraphony, which he sold to a telephone company. [89], Camp Chase Prison was a Union Army prison in Columbus. Ohio-born Rutherford B. Hayes (1876), James A. Garfield (1880) and Benjamin Harrison (1888) were each nominated from a convention that had deadlocked, and where the delegates chose to turn to a candidate who could carry Ohio. Famous filmmakers include Steven Spielberg, Chris Columbus and the original Warner Brothers, who set up their first movie theatre in Youngstown, OH before that company later relocated to California. By the late 1810s, the National Road crossed the Appalachian Mountains, connecting Ohio with the east coast. Water ports sprang up along Lake Erie, including the Port of Ashtabula, Port of Cleveland, Port of Conneaut, Fairport Harbor, Port of Huron, Port of Lorain, Port of Marblehead, Port of Sandusky, and Port of Toledo. They settled at Marietta, Ohio, where they built a large fort called Campus Martius. As Ohio prepared for statehood, Indiana Territory was carved out, reducing the Northwest Territory to approximately the size of present-day Ohio plus the eastern half of Michigan's lower peninsula and a sliver of land in southeastern Indiana along Ohio's western border called "The Gore". Here are just a few of them, plus the stories behind some of the more bizarrely christened thoroughfares. As Northeastern states abolished slavery in the coming two generations, the free states would be known as Northern States. This version of Iroquois religion took on various Christian elements (belief in hell, downgrading of all deities aside the Creator to something akin to angels/ demons and regular Church meetings) while keeping alive most of the old holidays and ceremonies and is still practiced by most members of the Iroquois Confederacy today. In each case they did, and won the presidency. Major retail operations emerged in the state, including Kroger in 1883 in Cincinnati, today second only to Walmart. (Once the population grew and the territory achieved statehood, the citizens could have legalized slavery, but chose not to do so.) Under the Jeffersonian principle that laws should be reviewed once a generation, the constitution provided for a recurring question to appear every 20 years on Ohio's general election ballots. Incorporated on Oct. 10, 1892, Toledo was named after a pioneer side-wheel paddle steamer on the Cowlitz River. Furthermore, women experienced a physical toll because they were expected to have babies, supervise the domestic chores, care for the sick, and take control of the garden crops and poultry. Two years after the Revolution, the US had begun offering people subsidies to move into the Ohio and Tennessee River Valleys to establish farms and virtually all Native people's in the threatened territories joined forces and fought back. Ohio had become nicknamed the "fuel cell corridor"[130] in being a contributing anchor for the region now called the "Green Belt," in reference to the growing renewable energy sector. Newer ethnic villages emerged, including the Slavic Village in Cleveland and the Italian Village and Hungarian Village in Columbus. It is the largest effigy mound in the United States and one of Ohio's best-known landmarks. Nearly 7,000 Buckeye soldiers were killed in action. Overall, in 2010 the state's schools were ranked 5th in the country by Education Week. Over 50,000 veterans have lived at the Sandusky location as of 2005. Tecumseh had approached several tribes for help beforehand, but all had ignored his pleas, despite support. The theme song of his campaign, the "Log Cabin Song,"[72] was authored by Otway Curry, who was a nationally known poet and author. There was major fighting in 1782. [146] The Ohio State University football team won the national championship in 2002 and 2014, and consistently competes for the prize annually. Upper Sanduskys traditionalist Wyandot go to Washington, D.C. to try to promote a separate removal agreement, but they are rejected. Antique Street had a lot more buildings, and considerably more atmosphere, when Caroline Williams sketched it than it does today. About 800 BC, Late Archaic cultures were supplanted by the Adena culture. [105] Ohioan Charles Osborn published the first abolitionist newspaper in the country, The Philanthropist, and in 1821, the father of abolition Benjamin Lundy began publishing his newspaper the Genius of Universal Emancipation.[105]. Its cutthroat politics trained candidates in how to win. Their villages from this period included the German Village in Columbus. ", Learn how and when to remove this template message, American pioneers to the Northwest Territory, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad, American Professional Football Association, List of colleges and universities in Ohio, Military conflicts with Ohio participation, https://books.google.com/books?id=kSwQAAAAYAAJ&dq, Roosevelt lost the state but still won reelection, seventh-largest economy among the 50 states, International Economic Development Council, "Research reveals first evidence of hunting by prehistoric Ohioans", "Whittlesey Culture - Ohio History Central", "The Seven Year War Website (French and Indian War)", The great frontier war: Britain, France, and the imperial struggle for North America, 16071755, "1782: Village of Moravian Delaware Indians Massacred", "OHIO'S SQUATTER GOVERNOR: WILLIAM HOGLAND OF HOGLANDSTOWN", "Lewiston Evening Journal Google News Archive Search", "Why is Ohio known as the Buckeye State and why are Ohioans known as "Buckeyes"? [14], During the 18th century, the French set up a system of trading posts to control the fur trade in the region, linked to their settlements in present-day Canada and what they called the Illinois Country along the Mississippi River. Overall, they managed to expand their territory through the North shore of Lakes Ontario and Erie, throughout Ohio, Indiana and southern Michigan and south from their original Homeland in New York, all the way to the James River in Virginia when the war seems to have officially ended in 1701, but the French began aiding other native people's who had fled west and took nearly all of that land for themselves, naming it the Illinois Colony. Universities and colleges opened up all over the state, creating a more educated culture. However these organizations steadily lost influence after 1925. The U.S. Congress prohibited slavery in the territory. in Rethinking Tohopeka, 12. But while recently sleuthing and endeavoring to learn more about the old iron bridge that inspired Canton's name, this so-called engineer/historian has uncovered a host of conflicting facts, dates, and fanciful tales. [118], Ohio played a major role in World War II, especially in providing manpower, food, and munitions to the Allied cause. Ohio's Nickname - Learn what the Ohio State Nickname is - Foreign USA [129] In 2015, Ohio's total GDP accounted for 3.4% of U.S. GDP and 0.8% of world GDP. 0. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. [136], The state's cities have become hubs of modern industry, including Toledo's recognition as a national solar center,[137][138] Cleveland a regenerative medicine research hub,[139] Dayton an aerospace and defense hub, Akron the rubber capital of the world, Columbus a technological research and development hub,[139] and Cincinnati a mercantile hub. But, a combination of war and disease quickly decimated the local people's before much interaction could take place and all tribes except the Miami were either permanently driven away, or destroyed. Ultimately Ohio was permitted to retain the motto since a federal ruling determined that it does not endorse a specific God and, therefore, is not a violation of the First Amendment. It was easier for people who were only part Native, as most Ohioans no longer knew what such people really looked like and their skin was fair enough that they could claim Italian, Hispanic or Greek descent and disappear into those communities. The city quickly became a creative and economic hub over the next 40 years and attracted thousands of new settlers. Immigration was cut off by the World War in 1914, allowing the ethnic communities to Americanize, grow much more prosperous, served in the military, and abandon possible plans to return to the old country. Ebenezer Sproat became a shareholder of the Ohio Company of Associates, and was engaged as a surveyor with the company. In the 21st century, Ohio remains connected to the regional, national, and global economies. William Procter and James Gamble started a company which produced a high quality, inexpensive soap called Ivory, which is still the best known product today of Procter & Gamble. [13] In 1663, it became part of New France, a royal province of French Empire, and northeastern Ohio was further explored by Robert La Salle in 1669. How the hamlet got its name has long been a source of debate. The assumption was the territory would have in excess of the required 60,000 residents by the time it became a state. Best Answer Copy The state of Ohio was named for the river which runs through it. [63] The first middle school in the nation, Indianola Junior High School (now the Graham Expeditionary Middle School), opened in Columbus in 1909. General Durbin Ward stated: "Fellow citizens of Ohio, I boldly assert that the States of this Union have always had, both before and since the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, entire sovereignty over the whole subject of suffrage in all its relations and bearings. The Cleveland Clinic was founded in 1921 and presently is one of the world's leading medical institutions. While some state names are unconfirmed or disputed, the vast majority of them have definitive etymologies. Scholars believe it may have been a more recent work of Fort Ancient people.

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