impact of long working hours on mental health

Regression analysis was performed on average work hours per week, PQSI and HADS scores, social and demographic variables, working habits and sleep patterns. KY For example, people with . Regression analysis of factors associated with PSQI scores. Search for other works by this author on: Center of Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Human Behaviour Department, AESE-Business School, European Working Time Directive and doctors health: a systematic review of the available epidemiological evidence, Working Time Around the World : Trends in Working Hours, Laws and Policies in a Global Comparative Perspective, The association between long working hours and health: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence, The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States, Using additional information on working hours to predict coronary heart disease: a cohort study, Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study, Fit Mind, Fit Job. eCollection 2023. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between total HADS score and age. 2018;6:184194. LWH (50) and LWH (60) are dummy variables equal to 1 when an individual answered that their weekly work hours were 50 or 60 h. or more, respectively, and 0 otherwise. Overall, I estimated the following dynamic lagged variable (LV) model: where t and t n denote combinations of survey year and prior year, respectively. Y One possible explanation is that they do not exercise, their diet is unreasonable, and their working conditions involve chronic exposure to computer radiation. This research was financially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant Number: 20H01512). Disclaimer. McCann Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Study on association of working hours and occupational physical activity with the occurrence of coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. Work is important for economic self-sufficiency and a meaningful way of living. In 2017, 792 million people worldwide were reported to be living with an MI; they constituted 10.7% of the global population, a figure slightly higher than 1 in 10 people [1]. In addition, a larger proportion of the LWHG reported working >5 days per week (32 versus 7%). Schnatz However, as demonstrated in this study, long working hours can also be associated with problems such as an increased risk of sleep disturbance and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Nakashima 12 Among physicians, anxiety and depression, which have been found to be . The .gov means its official. . The key independent variable was the long working hours dummy variable. I estimated these models using subsamples by sex (men and women), education (lower than university, university, and higher), age (aged 1629, 3044, 4560), and occupation to compare heterogeneous groups. Based on the job demand-control model [26], because the employees in the informal sector cannot control the working hours to address the high job demand, the risk of MI will be greater. JE Data show that many people with common mental health problems struggle at work. Long hours, excessive work contribute to workers' MH decline This self-reported questionnaire rates sleep quality and patterns during the previous month and evaluates seven components of sleep: subjective quality, latency, duration, usual efficiency, sleep disturbances, medication use and daytime dysfunction. et al. To examine factors influencing weekly working hours, sleep quality and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Effect of Long Working Hours on Depression and Mental Well - PubMed Effect of Long Working Hours on Depression and Mental Well-Being among Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Additionally, excessive working time has been implicated in several sudden deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases (e.g. I addressed the initial value problem [40,41]: mental health status at time t may be affected by mental health status at time tn. CI: confidence interval. Several studies have revealed that working overtime is related to short or disturbed sleep and can correlate with reduced sleep quality in a dose-response manner [1012]. Kopasker D., Montagna C., Bender K.A. In particular, the participants were white-collar workers and with a higher level of education than the general population. Virtanen The results indicate that long working hours have positive and significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) associations with the risk of mental illness (OR: 1.12~1.22). The positive correlation between PSQI scores and HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression scores seem to support this relationship. Although the difference (2%) between the two groups is not large, the t-test results indicate a statistically significant difference, possibly because of the large sample size. We defined long working hours as >48 working hours per week. For example, women may report a higher risk of MI than men, and the less educated and older groups might not report the correct status of their mental health because of the lack of literacy, so future studies should aim to adopt objective indicators of MI. The p-value in the t-test indicates the statistical significance of the differences in mean values of these variables between long- and standard or short-working-hours groups. Interestingly, LWHG members had higher level corporate positions than RWHG subjects. These differences may be attributable to the different data and models: we used the three-wave national longitudinal survey data from 2014 to 2018 and the dynamic lagged variable model to address the initial dependent and reverse causality issues, whereas previous studies used one-point cross-sectional survey data and did not address the bias in estimations. All methods and study protocol were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. 7 Health Effects of Working Too Much Measuring Informality: A Statistical Manual on the Informal Sector and Informal Employment. et al. SR Long hours of work in the US: Associations with demographic and organizational characteristics, psychosocial working conditions, and health. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Okubo Soc Sci Med. There is general agreement that long hours of work adversely affect sleep [21]. They don't necessarily want a response . The CFPS covered 25 provinces and municipalities in 2010 and 31 provinces in the current survey. Trend in Working Hours, Laws and Policies in a Global Comparative Perspective. An official website of the United States government. The .gov means its official. Further, prolonged work hours may increase anxiety,. government site. Moreover, HADS scores were positively correlated with PSQI scores and negatively correlated with age. Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labor. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.09.006. Dattani S., Ritchie H., Roser M. Mental health. Long working hours are known to affect health negatively. Before The negative impact of long working hours on mental health in young DJ et al. Our findings suggest that we still need to advocate shorter working hours in order to preserve health and well-being. Third, although we used dynamic models with lagged long working hours variables to address the reverse causality problem, we could not identify the underlying causality of long working hours affecting mental health such as the individual heterogeneity and self-selection problems, which should be investigated in greater depth using various quantitative study models (e.g., difference-in-differences, instrumental variable methods). Moreover, the self-emplyed individual group might choose to work long hours voluntarily, which may also reduce the negative effect of long working hours on mental health. . First, the CFPS is a representative nationwide survey that has been used in numerous empirical studies on China e.g., [35,36,37]. Characteristics of the study participants are shown in Table 1. LVt-2: model using the indicator for the risk of mental illness in the past two periods. To bridge this gap in the literature, I conducted a dynamic longitudinal analysis to investigate the association between long working hours and the risk of mental illness nationwide. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. WHO: Working long hours is a 'serious health hazard' As shown in Table 2, PSQI scores were not significantly higher for those in LWHG. I used three higher values (12, 16, and 20) for the total mental health score to create three new indicators of the risk of MI. Keywords: (1) and (2) can be considered the informal sectors, whereas (3) can be considered the formal sector. Tang S., Yao L., Ye C., Li Z., Yang J., Tang K., Qian D. Can health service equity alleviate the health expenditure poverty of Chinese patients? Demou The association between long working hours and health: A systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Among the 429 study participants, those in the LWHG group (n = 256, 53%) had significantly more depressive and anxiety symptoms and worse sleep quality than those in RWHG (n = 223, 47%). The responders were divided into RWHG (n = 223, 47%) and LWHG (256, 53%). Mental health effects of long work hours, night and weekend work, and All analyses were performed using commercially available and open source statistical software (IBM SPSS 22.0, R 3.2.4). Regression analysis of factors associated with the total HADS score. In 2017, 792 million people worldwide were reported to be OR: odds ratio. World Health Organization (WHO) [(accessed on 3 February 2022)]. Contoyannis P., Jones A.M., Rice N. The dynamics of health in the British household panel survey. Image: World Health Organisation "Working 55 hours or more per week is a serious health hazard," said Maria Neira, director of the WHO's Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health. Similar results were obtained in a large survey regarding working conditions in the European Union [27]. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 2020 Feb;246:112774. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112774. et al. SM The impact at work of mental health problems can have serious consequences for individuals as well as for organizations productivity.

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