demographics of police officers in the united states

Their largest share was among security guards and gaming surveillance officers, which is among the lowest median wage occupations. As America becomes more diverse and the rank and file of police departments doesnt fully reflect the communities they serve, policing is no longer a profession that people view as something they want to get into, said Rashawn Ray, a policing expert at the Brookings Institution and a professor at the University of Maryland. Law enforcement workers include police and sheriffs patrol officers, detectives and criminal investigators, and bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers. This data shows how men and women predominate in the police officer position over time. Researchers say it is difficult to draw firm conclusions about Black officers from the federal data. The lowest share of Hispanic and Latino employment was in first-line supervisors of police and detectives (5.6 percent), and their highest share was in security guards and gaming surveillance officers (18.8 percent). Show publisher information Chart. Explore, map, compare, and download U.S. data, PUMAs with a Relatively High Concentration of Police officers, Most Common Race or Ethnicity of Police officers. Some insights emerge as to which groups are over- or underrepresented. PHILADELPHIA - Police shootings of unarmed Black people in the United States were three times higher than that of white people between 2015 and the beginning of 2020, according to a new report from researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine, Yale University, and Drexel University. Educational attainment for workers 25 years and older by selected occupation, 2019 (in percent), Top Picks, One Screen, Multi-Screen, and Maps, Industry Finder from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/protective-service/home.htm, https://www.bls.gov/cps/aa2019/cpsaat11.htm, https://www.bls.gov/cps/definitions.htm#race, https://web.archive.org/web/20201212042128/https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/protective-service/police-and-detectives.htm#tab-4, Professional certifications and occupational licenses: evidence from the Current Population Survey, Racial and ethnic disparities in access to and use of paid family and medical leave: evidence from four nationally representative datasets, Investment in higher education by race and ethnicity. (See chart 4.). Professional certifications and occupational licenses: evidence from the Current Population Survey, Monthly Labor Review, June 2019. Number of state and local police officers in the U.S. by state 2020 (See table 4). facts. For more information, see Protective Service Occupations in Occupational Outlook Handbook, (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021), https://www.bls.gov/ooh/protective-service/home.htm. Mr. Ray, of the Brookings Institution, said his research shows that rank-and-file officers, regardless of race, were similarly likely to use force against Black people. Federal Justice Statistics Resource Center, National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), Criminal Justice Data Improvement Program, Community Corrections (Probation and Parole), Mortality in Correctional Institutions (MCI) (Formerly Deaths in Custody Reporting Program (DCRP)), Prison Rape Elimination Act (Sexual Victimization in Correctional Facilities), State and federal prisoners and prison facilities, National Criminal History Improvement Program, The NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007, Intergovernmental Personnel Act Mobility Program, Arrest Data Analysis Tool Home Page (Updated with 2013 and 2014 data), Corrections Statistical Analysis Tool (CSAT) - Parole, Corrections Statistical Analysis Tool (CSAT) - Probation, Federal Criminal Case Processing Statistics (FCCPS), Prisoner Recidivism Analysis Tool - 1994 Home Page, Prisoner Recidivism Analysis Tool - 2005 Home Page, State and federal prison facility characteristics, NCVS Redesign: Survey Instrument Redesign, Race and Ethnicity of Violent Crime Offenders and Arrestees, 2018, Local Police Departments: Policies and Procedures, 2016, Selected Findings from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Offenses Known to Law Enforcement in Large Cities, 2018, Local Police Departments, 2016: Personnel. Police Scorecard: Tucson, AZ How do the Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) counts of law enforcement officers differ from the annual counts of the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)? Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Police officers earn the most in Alaska, where the average police officer salary is $78,839. What the data say about police brutality and racial bias - Nature The most common educational attainment level for most of these occupations is a bachelors degree. Detectives and criminal investigators solve or prevent crime by investigating possible violations of local, state, or federal laws, and they include homicide detectives and narcotics investigators. (See chart 1.) in the United States Law Courts Corrections Separation of powers Legislative Executive Judicial Jurisdiction Federal Tribal State County Local Military Legal context Criminal procedure Reasonable suspicion Probable cause Miranda warning Arrest Arrest warrant Searches and seizures Terry stop Prosecution U.S. Attorney State attorney general Using the data below, you can see how other job titles compare to police officers. Interestingly enough, the average age of police officers is 40+ years old, which represents 50% of the population. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 1000+ markets in 190+ countries & territories, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. In two of those four, the employment shares of first-line supervisors of police and detectives (7.6 percent) and firefighters (8.5 percent) were even less than their total employment share (12.3 percent). Before Ryan Tillman joined the Chino, Calif., force in 2014, he had had unpleasant encounters with the police, including a decade ago when an off-duty officer waved him down in an upscale neighborhood of a neighboring city. That means there are a total of 59,778 female police officers in the U.S. and 265,104 male police officers in the United States. Asians have experienced a steep growth in total employment since 2003 but have the least representation in all protective service occupations. What Are Police Like in Other Countries? - Council on Foreign Relations Whites had their lowest employment share in the occupation that African Americans had their highest employment share: bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers (60.5 percent and 34.2 percent, respectively). The most common industries employing Police officers, by number of employees, areJustice, public order, & safety activities , National security & international affairs, Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges, Executive offices & legislative bodies, U. S. Air Force, U. S. Army, Elementary & secondary schools, Administration of environmental quality & housing programs, General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals, U. S. Navy, and Investigation & security services. Yes, Police Officer jobs are male - dominated. In 2019, their employment share in protective service occupations (22.1 percent) was 24.9 percentage points lower than their total employment share (47.0 percent). (October 5, 2022). SARA stands for Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019. Demographic information on Police officers in the US. 12.9% of Police Officers are Black or African American, Most a are White, with 60.0% of Police Officers belonging to this ethnicity. Police officers are 74% more likely to work at government companies in comparison to private companies. Using a database of 30 million profiles, Zippia estimates demographics and statistics for police officers in the United States. October 5, 2022. Historically, women have had a larger share of detectives and criminal investigators and private detectives and investigators than they have had in other protective service occupations. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Police Officers by State 2023 - World Population Review Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal . Table 1. The most common degree for police officers is bachelor's degree 49% of police officers earn that degree. The smallest protective service employment was among first-line supervisors (83,000). The highest paying industries for Police officers, by average wage, are Public finance activities, Banking & related activities, and Water, steam, air-conditioning, & irrigation systems. Their employment share has been mostly larger in security guards and gaming surveillance officers, and private detectives and investigators, and lower in first-line supervisors of police and detectives. While many police departments became more diverse, Black officers often continued to be less represented. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. Note: The data shown includes local police departments with at least 100 full-time sworn officers. Examining employment and diversity in the protective service Police officers by sex and ethnicity, U.S. 2020 | Statista This graphic shows the share of Police officers employed by various industries. There was a concerted effort among many police forces, especially in urban areas, to recruit and hire more officers of color from 2007 to 2016, the most recent year for which federal data is available. Which types of less than lethal weapons are authorized for use by local police officers? As police engage with protesters in cities across the United States, many major police forces are still much whiter than the communities where they work. Firefighting and fire prevention workers include forest firefighters and fire hazard inspectors, among others. First-line supervisors of police and detectives and police and sheriff's patrol officers, both with over 80 percent White employment, typically have entry-level education requirements of a high school diploma or equivalent. The employment trend of women in first-line supervisors of police and detectives has mostly been declining since 2011, reaching a low point in 2019. Show publisher information Types of crimes and offenses reported to the police in France 2022, Level of trust in the police in France 2009-2022, Number of investigations opened by the police disciplinary body in France 2016-2021, Number of sexual assaults on minors reported each month in France 2020-2022, Inspection Gnrale de la Police Nationale (IGPN), Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2023, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2023, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Police offer mixed support for their top leadership. A close second is associate degree with 26% and rounding it off is high school diploma with 11%. They made up about 3 percent of total protective service employment. 11 See Protective Service Occupations, in Occupational Outlook Handbook, (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021), https://www.bls.gov/ooh/protective-service/home.htm for all protective service occupations, and see https://data.bls.gov/PDQWeb/or for all occupations. Police and sheriff's patrol officers made up 23 percent. Roughly a third (34%) of officers say they are slightly supportive or not supportive at all. An employee of a local law enforcement agency who is an officer sworn to carry out law enforcement duties. Show sources information U.S. law enforcement officers 2021 | Statista )8 Asians were underrepresented in all the selected protective service occupations comparedwith their share of total employment (6.5 percent). In 2003, their employment share in protective service occupations (10.1 percent) was 2.5 percentage points lower than their total employment share (12.6 percent). Since 2003, the share of African American employment in protective service . African Americans employment shares in bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers, and security guards and gaming surveillance officers have been mostly larger than their shares in other protective service occupations over the years. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set (The Hispanic or Latino ethnicity category includes Mexican, Cuban, South American, Puerto Rican, Salvadoran, Dominican, and other groups. In his groundbreaking work, "The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America," Muhammad argues that an essential turning point came in the early 1900s amid efforts to professionalize police forces across the nation, in part by using crime statistics to guide law enforcement efforts.For the first time, Americans with European roots were grouped into one . Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1357593/police-officers-sex-ethnicity-us/, Share of full-time sworn officers in local police departments in the United States in 2020, by sex and ethnicity, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts & reports, Percentage of current asthma in the United States 2001-2020, by ethnicity, Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults 2017-2020, ethnicity and gender, New cases of tuberculosis in the U.S. 2022, by race/ethnicity, Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the U.S. 2005-2020, by race/ethnicity, Diabetes prevalence in the U.S. 2015-2018, by ethnicity, Past-month alcohol use among U.S. persons aged 12 or older by race/ethnicity 2021, U.S. smoking prevalence among adults by ethnicity 2020, Cancer: incidence rate in the U.S. by ethnic group and gender 2015-2019, Rate of skin cancer cases in the U.S. in 2019, by race/ethnicity, Rate of prostate cancer among U.S. males 2015-2019, by ethnicity, Incidence rates of colorectal cancer among U.S. residents 2015-2019, by ethnicity, Cancer: 5-year survival rates in the U.S. by ethnic group 1975-2018, U.S. mortality rates from cancer by ethnic group and gender 2016-2020, Mortality rate of uterine cervix cancer in the U.S. 2016-2020, by ethnicity, Rates of HIV diagnoses among U.S. men in 2021, by race/ethnicity, Distribution of HIV diagnoses among U.S. women in 2021, by race/ethnicity, Rate of gonorrhea cases in the United States in 2021, by race/ethnicity and gender, Cases of syphilis in the United States in 2021, by race/ethnicity and gender, Chlamydia rates in the United States 2021, by race/ethnicity and gender, U.S. high school students condom usage 2021, by sex, Share of U.S. women who needed contraceptive services, 2017-2019, by ethnicity, Number of poor mental health days a month among U.S. females in 2019, by ethnicity, Share of U.S. adults with anxiety symptoms in 2019, by ethnicity and severity, Share of U.S. mental health screenings with anxiety 2019-2020, by ethnicity, Distribution of suicides in the U.S. in 2020, by race/ethnicity and gender, U.S. population without health care visits 2000-2018, by ethnicity, U.S. males who reported having no personal doctor 2019 by ethnicity, Share of U.S. children who visited the dentist in the past year by race 2019, Persons with a dental visit in the past year 2019, by ethnicity, Uninsured U.S. children percentage and rate by ethnicity 2021, Percentage of U.S. population without health insurance coverage by ethnicity 2019, Uninsured non-elderly people in the U.S. by ethnicity 2021, Share of people in the U.S. who received treatment for alcohol use 2021, by ethnicity, Leading causes of death among American Indians or Alaska Natives 2019, Leading causes of death among Asians in the U.S. 2019, Leading causes of death among Hispanics in the U.S. 2019, Maternal mortality rates in the U.S. from 2018 to 2021, by race/ethnicity, Alcohol, drug, and suicide death rates in the U.S. in 2021, by race/ethnicity. Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Urban areas often have more resources, and more political will, to pursue greater diversity in the ranks, they said. [1] This occupation is not an exact match with the comparable occupation in the American Community Survey. The demographics of those ranks differ significantly by community size. The new data also echo earlier findings of significant differences in the past dozen or so years in how many urban areas approach policing and criminal justice compared with smaller jurisdictions: The national trend toward lower incarceration rates, for example, has seemingly bypassed many smaller cities and rural areas, which continue to pack jails and prisons, even as their urban counterparts take ever-more-consequential steps to reduce incarceration rolls. Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies (CSLLEA) People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity can be of any race, and therefore are also included in race groups such as White, African American, Asian, American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and Two or More Races. Womens employment in firefighters has consistently been their smallest share. In 2021, women earned 94% of what men earned. This is the first nationwide evaluation of policing in the United States. The darker areas across the 50 states highlight the highest salaries. The median annual wage for all 22 major job groups (excluding military-specific occupations) was $39,810. The protective service occupations are a vital occupational group, providing security and emergency services throughout the United States. In cities with more than a quarter-million people, almost one-fifth of the police chiefs were Black. Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators[1]. January 2022, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2022.1. The map here shows where police officers earn the highest salaries in the U.S. Firefighting and fire prevention workers include forest firefighters and fire hazard inspectors, among others. Those industries include government, education and professional. PDF Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2020 - Statistical Tables We looked over job openings to determine where in the country police officers are in the most demand. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers made up 12 percent. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Show sources information First-line supervisors of police and detectives and police and sheriff's patrol officers, both with over 80 percent White employment, typically have entry-level education requirements of a high school diploma or equivalent. The employment trend for Hispanics or Latinos in the sheriff's patrol officers group has shadowed their employment trend in protective service occupations, while staying below their share in total employment. Yet Camden, whose chief is also white, has gained a reputation as one of the most progressive departments in the country, following a decision seven years ago to disband and rebuild the citys police department. (See chart 4. Many of the largest police departments struggled to retain Black officers, with the share of Black officers who left policing jobs in 2016 outpacing the share of new hires who were Black, the Times analysis of the federal data shows. and over 1Mio. Hispanics or Latinos made up 15.3 percent of employed workers in protective service occupations. (a) ATTORNEY GENERAL TO COLLECTThe Attorney General shall, through appropriate means, acquire data about the use of excessive force by law enforcement officers. This article examines employment in protective service occupations from 2003 to 2019 by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. At least 332 of the departments became more white. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, A More Detailed Look at Police Departments, seemingly bypassed many smaller cities and rural areas, Camden, whose chief is also white, has gained, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, National Archive of Criminal Justice Data. Their employment share in first-line supervisors of police and detectives reached a low point in 2019. Inside America's police departments | Pew Research Center Detectives and criminal investigators gather facts and collect evidence of possible crimes. [1] Employed largely as prison matrons in the 19th century, women took on more and increasingly diverse roles in the latter half of the 20th . The FBI defines law enforcement officers as those who regularly carry a firearm and badge, have full arrest powers, and are paid from governmental funds specifically for sworn law enforcement representatives. In 2018, the highest rate of officers to individuals among the city population groups was an average of 3.8 officers per 1,000 inhabitants in cities with fewer than. The 2020 CFLEO collected data on 94 agencies, including 44 Oces of Inspectors General (OIGs), which provide oversight of federal agencies and their activities. less white relative to the population they serve. legal authority. Police are consistently whiter than the communities they work in Which Police Departments Are as Diverse as Their Communities? Deadly 2020 and 2021 As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic that plagued the world in 2020, 417 officers died in 2020 (258 Covid-19-related) and an astonishing 623 officers were killed in 2021 (436 Covid-19-related) . Total protective service employment in 2019 was 3,128,000. FBI Police Employee Data - Federal Bureau of Investigation Comparatively, there are 18.2% of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity and 12.9% of the Black or African American ethnicity. 50% of Police Officers are 40+ years old or older, 34% are between the ages of 30-40 years, and 16% are between 20-30 years old. White refers to people who are non-Hispanic white, Black refers to people who are non-Hispanic Black, and other refers to people who are not white, Black or Hispanic. They made up 30 percent of the total protective service employment. Florida has approximately 93,000 police officers. The occupational subgroup lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers in the Current Population Survey does not have a direct match with Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics programs occupation groups with wage data, and sois excluded from this section for the purpose of occupational level analysis.5. (See tables 2 and 3.) In 2003, women comprised 20.7 percent of employment in protective service occupations, 26.1 percentage points lower than their total employment share (46.8 percent). 1For more information on racial and ethnic subgroups in the Current Population Survey, see Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey, Concepts and Definitions (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021), https://www.bls.gov/cps/definitions.htm. There is some other research that shows that the race of the police chief, or upper management, does matter in terms of decreasing police killings, Mr. Ray said. In 2019, first-line supervisors of police and detectives were amongthe highest paid protective service occupations. In 2019, their employment share in protective service occupations (2.2 percent) was 4.3 percentage points lower than their total employment share (6.5 percent). Police shootings database 2015-2023: Search by race, age, department and over 1Mio. Employment percentages of selected protective service occupations by race, Table 3. Policing experts have attributed at least some of that gap to national outrage and fallout over the deaths of Black men at the hands of the police in recent years. However, requirements may vary for some of these occupations. Women's employment trend in police and sheriff's patrol officers has stayed below both their total protective service employment share and their total employment share. Security guards and gaming surveillance officers, in which Asians and Hispanics or Latinos had their highest representation, require a high school diploma or equivalent education for entry-level positions. First-line supervisors, such as first-line supervisors of police and detectives, directly coordinate and supervise activities of protective service workers. And there have been decades-long gains in the number of officers who are not white. ), While diversity has been increasing in the U.S. labor force as a whole, employment shares by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity for police officers and first-line supervisors have not kept pace with this growing diversity. Provides data on all state and local law enforcement agencies operating nationwide. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. After finding the gender ratio, we wondered if the percentages of LGBT persons were different as well. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. By comparison, total employment grew 14.4 percent over the period, increasing every year from 2003 to 2019, except for 2008 to 2010. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/191694/number-of-law-enforcement-officers-in-the-us/, Number of full-time law enforcement officers in the United States from 2004 to 2021, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts & reports, Age and gender of police officers and gendarmes in France 2019, Rate of police officers and gendarmes in France 2019, by department, Municipal police workforce in France 2021, by department, Cities with the largest number of municipal police officers in France 2021, Number of municipal police officers in France 2019, by size of municipality, Number of municipal police officers per police unit in France 2019, by city size, Government expenditure on police services in France and the EU 1995-2020, Government spending on policing as a share of GDP in France 1995-2020, Government expenditure on public order and safety in France and the EU 1995-2020, Ministry of the Interior staff expenses for French National Police 2019, by mission, Breakdown of the French national police wage bill 2019, by mission, Monthly number of crimes recorded by the police in France 2015-2022, Monthly number of drug usage-related crimes recorded in France 2015-2022, Monthly number of drug resale-related crimes recorded in France 2015-2022, Number of rapes of minors recorded by the authorities each month in France 2020-2022, Number of investigations for use of force referred to the IGPN in France 2016-2021, Investigations for violence referred to the IGPN in France 2020-2021, by context, Investigations for harassment and discrimination referred to IGPN in France 2016-2021, Violations linked to excessive use of force recorded by IGPN in France 2017-2021, Reports received by the IGPN reporting platform in France 2014-2021, Reports received by the IGPN reporting platform in France 2021, by month, Level of trust in the police in France 2022, by political proximity, Level of trust in the police in France 2022, by socio-professional category, Opinion on the handling of complaints of domestic and sexual violence in France 2021, Types of bad handling of complaints of domestic and sexual violence in France 2021, Number of law enforcement officer shot in the U.S. 2022, by circumstance, Total police personnel in Russia 2006-2017, Total police personnel in Russia 2007-2017, by gender, Total prison personnel in Russia 2004-2017, by gender, Rate of police officers in South Korea 2006-2021, Number of law enforcement officers shot in the U.S. 2009-2022, Number of law enforcement officer fatalities in the U.S. in 2022, by cause, Number of law enforcement officer fatalities in the U.S. 2009-2022, Number of law enforcement officer fatalities in the U.S. 2022, by gender, Prosecution personnel in Russia 2014-2017, Number of law enforcement officer fatalities in the U.S. 2022 by jurisdiction, Number of law enforcement officers assaulted U.S. 2004-2021, Number of law enforcement officer fatalities in the U.S. in 2022, by state, Gender distribution of full-time U.S. law enforcement employees 2021, Assaults on police officers in England and Wales 2018/19, Fertility rate in Vietnam 2019, by region, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, law enforcement agencies cover a wide area of jurisdictions, number of people who are shot to death by police.

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