DA Pam 385-64 Ammo and Explosives Safety. [49] From the schedule, it can be seen that roughly 64% of the gold bars at Fort Knox have a fineness between 899 and 901, 2% have a fineness between 901.1 and 915.4, 17% have a fineness between 915.5 and 917, and 17% have a fineness greater than or equal to 995. In July 2000 the Armor Center Commander was directed to create a Blue Ribbon Panel to develop organizational and operational concepts and a related transformation strategy for the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment. | 16th Armored Brigade Combat Team, Department of the Army announces upcoming 3rd ABCT, 1st Armored Division deployment, Department of the Army announces upcoming 3rd Infantry Division deployment, Department of the Army announces 1st Armored Division deployment, Department of the Army announces 1st Cavalry Division deployment. New facilities are under construction throughout Fort Knox, such as the new Army Human Resource Center, the largest construction project in the history of Fort Knox. Fort Knox uniquely boasts the sole responsibility for all Soldier career management, from swearing in to departing service. In May 2010, The Human Resource Center of Excellence, the largest office building in the state, opened at Fort Knox. German POWs arrived that same month and had a routine camp life which included work, rules, and recreation. Corrections? For maximum security, the U.S. Bullion Depository, a solid square bombproof structure with mechanical protective devices, was built there in 1936 to hold the bulk of the nations gold reserves. Armored units had participated in every major theater of operations that Americans had participated in. But the agency could not legally sell its opium or morphine stock without congressional approval. The Armor Center and School relocated to Fort Benning to merge with the Infantry Center and form the Maneuver Center of Excellence. The German POW camp at Fort Knox has since been demolished. Watch on No, Goldfinger was not actually filmed in Fort Knox. The airfield is still in use by the United States Army Aviation Branch. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence, including the Army Human Resources Command. Come find a great deal on used Chevrolets in Fort Knox today! During the Colonial Period, monetary transactions were handled using foreign or colonial currency, livestock, or produce. In 1933 the 1st Cavalry Regiment arrived at Fort Knox in their armored combat cars. "When I did travel shows with my late wife years later, I had a picture of those hills on display," said Urbahns. [38] The vault door is set on a 100-hour time lock and is rarely opened. A new Armored Force was established in July 1940 with its headquarters at Fort Knox with the 7th Cavalry Brigade becoming the 1st Armored Division. On October 7, the United States assaulted militants in Afghanistan, beginning Operation Enduring Freedom. The post contains an airfield, called Godman Army Airfield, that was used by the United States Army Air Corps, and its successor, the United States Army Air Forces as a training base during World War II. How Much Gold is in Fort Knox? Fort Knox Facts - U.S. Money Reserve During their service, airmen serving in the unit were regularly subjected to racial discrimination. The vault door is set on a 100-hour time lock, and can only be opened by members of the depository staff who must dial separate combinations. Fort Knox encompasses 109,000 acres in three Kentucky counties, Bullitt, Hardin, and Mead Counties and is located 35 miles south from Louisville, and north of Elizabethtown. The resource hub is a complex that houses ~4,000 civilian and military personnel. The facility doesn't hold the history of Western democracy anymore, but it's still possibly the most heavily guarded place in America (and maybe the world, according to Reader's Digest ). For every 100 females, there were 155.7 males. Used Chevrolets for Sale in Fort Knox, KY (with Photos) - TrueCar [11] It took seven months and required 45 trains consisting of 337 cars. [40], For security reasons, visitors are not allowed inside the depository grounds. Fort Knox, America's only gold depository began life in the middle of the Civil War as just another fort in the conflict. In 1981 the Armor Center contributed to the development of the Armys AirLand Battle doctrine, which took advantage of new weaponry to assume an offensive role in Central Europe. In 1991, Operation Desert Storm began after coalition forces initiate the AirLand Battle doctrine in an offensive against the Iraqi Army to liberate Kuwait. The first military base in the area was Fort Duffield built in 1861 during the American Civil War. The first POWs to arrive were Italian. [5], Below the fortress-like structure lies the gold vault. It is based on defense-grade security and offers multi-layer protection that covers chipset, system, OS,. Paul copy); the Articles of Confederation (signed original); and Lincoln Cathedral's exemplified copy of Magna Carta,[23] which had been on loan to the United States for the 1939 New York World's Fair. In fact, the Army established the Armored Force School and Armored Force Replacement Center in October 1940. Fort Knox Gun Safes Consider Fort Knox safes for secure storage of your valuables or firearms. [57] In the 1951 comedy Comin' Round the Mountain, Abbott and Costello follow a treasure map and unwittingly dig into the vault at Fort Knox, where they are immediately arrested. "Misery loves company," said Urbahns. The shooting occurred at Fort Knox's Training Support Center. In addition, units demobilize at the camp following their service during the First World War. From books, history classes, and TV shows, most Americans know Fort Knox was built to store massive deposits of gold. Fort Knox is a Military Training Support Service (MTSS) site. Marquinta Jacobs Sentenced to 30 Years In Prison For Shooting Death of Lloyd Gilbert at Fort Knox", "Human resource center opens at Fort Knox", "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Bullitt County, KY", "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Hardin County, KY", "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Meade County, KY", "Army announces activation of additional corps headquarters", "U.S. Army Recruiting Command and Fort Knox Commanding General", "83rd U.S. Army Reserve Readiness Training Center", Kentucky Place GCT-PH1. During World War II the gold vault was used as a repository for the original copy of the U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence, the Magna Carta, and the original draft of Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address. Soon after the Armored Center and Armored School were officially designated the Armor Center and Armor School. In 1957 it became the US Army Armor Center. The tour was in response to a conspiracy theory, circulated by Peter Beter, that elites had secretly removed the gold in the depository and that the vaults were empty. As the Cold War ended, and more nations began exporting concentrated poppy straw, concerns about supply disruptions abated. Equipment and Soldiers benefitted from findings made by the Armored Board and Armored Medical Research Laboratory. The Patton Museum first opened its doors on May 30, 1949, showcasing armored vehicles and items associated with General George S. Patton, Jr. The stockpile grew to 68,269 pounds (30,966kg), enough to meet the legal painkiller needs of the entire United States for one year if supplies were cut off. Basic training started a bit vague during the buildup to a war, said Matthew Rector, Fort Knox historic preservation specialist. [5], There is an escape tunnel from the lower level of the vault to be used by someone who has been accidentally locked in. The depository itself is located at 3752'59.59" North, 8557'55.31" West. [13] This wave of shipments began in July of the previous year and was also overseen by the Post Office. Barracks and warehouses were built to accommodate and support the growing population of Soldiers arriving by train. Where Is Fort Knox? | Wonderopolis History Fort Knox was originally opened in 1937 as a depository for gold. It can only be opened from inside the vault and only when the vault doors are closed and locked. The post was required to undergo a massive building boom and acquisition of land to support these troops. Camp Zachary Taylor, in Louisville, Kentucky, was the first of sixteen new Army cantonments . [55][56][57] As an example, 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidate Elizabeth Warren, when outlining in a Medium post a plan to make voting machines secure, stated "Our elections should be as secure as Fort Knox. The age distribution was 34.9% under the age of 18, 25.5% from 18 to 24, 37.2% from 25 to 44, 2.3% from 45 to 64, and 0.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The containers were then embedded in mineral wool and placed in wooden cases hermetically sealed with lead. In October 1903, military maneuvers for the Regular Army and the National Guards of several states were held at West Point, Kentucky and the surrounding area. In 1947, Fort Knox hosted the Universal Military Training Experimental Unit, a six-month project that aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of providing new 18-20 year-old Army recruits with basic military training that emphasized physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. At the close of the war there were 16 combat tested armored divisions and approximately sixty-five tank battalions. Protected by a 109,000-acre U.S. Army post in Kentucky sits one of the Federal Reserve's most secure assets and its only gold depository: the 73-year-old Fort Knox vault. The population density was 591.7 inhabitants per square mile (228.5/km2). 127 Gold Vault Rd. Fort Knox - Wikipedia Hill died on 21 October of his self-inflicted gunshot wound. has D.O.D. WAR DEPARTMENT ESTABLISHES KENTUCKY SITE FOR WORLD WAR I ARTILLERY TRAINING. One of them, designated Foam 161, was partially charred and melted in the attack upon the Pentagon. What Is Fort Knox Used For? | WWII Forums Soon after, the center received yet a new name, this time as the "Armor Center" and "Armor School.". The United States entry into the First World War in 1917 necessitated the establishment of new military installations. After graduating college, the former Army combat medic and Medal of Honor recipient attended basic training at Fort Knox in 1968 under the draft when there were no deferments handed out. Fort Knox Timeline with photos. There were 3,015 housing units at an average density of 144.1/sqmi (55.6/km2). Even with that much gold, Fort . It is a $185 million, three-story, 880,000-square-foot (82,000m2) complex of six interconnected buildings, sitting on 104 acres (42ha). (502) 624-8471. Many of the houses in the town of Stithton were utilized for the Armys purposes. "It was armor associated in World War II. The Army Human Resources Command Center re-located to Fort Knox from the Washington D.C./Virginia area beginning in 2009. Under the Army Organization Act of 1950 armor and cavalry were combined to form the Armor Branch. During the 1930s, Fort Knox was an induction center for the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) enrollees. Fort Knox is a certified Kentucky city. Turn the dial to the left (counterclockwise); stopping the second time the third number of the combination aligns with the opening index. FORT KNOX, Ky. As popularity in commercial drones continues to grow in the United States, Army officials are getting the word out that any attempts to cross into military air space with. There were 2,748 households, out of which 77.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 86.0% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 5.5% were non-families. This consisted of 174million troy ounces (5,421 metric tons) out of foreign mines (mainly from South Africa), 89million troy ounces (2,755 metric tons) out of foreign central bank reserves (mostly France and the United Kingdom), with the balance from other sources (principally private holdings in India). According to the Louisville Courier, "The West Point range would become the artillery training center of the Army." Part of the training was tank driving.". Fort Knox is, after all, the most secure place in the United States. Outdoor and indoor work details were assigned, on and off-post and many times alongside civilian employees. An Infantry Brigade Combat Team also was established at Fort Knox with the relocation of the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Infantry Division. A second inspection was made by members of the United States Congress and the news media on September 23, 1974, led by the Director of the United States Mint, Mary Brooks. Colonel Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. took command of the 477th at Godman Army Airfield on June 21, 1945, implementing a positive change in command and a moral boost for the unit. Fort Knox: Secrets, Fun Facts, and the Defense One of those who attended basic training during the Vietnam War era is Paul Urbahns, a local historian who went through signal corps advanced training after graduating basic at Fort Knox in 1970. [20], On 18 October 1993, Arthur Hill went on a shooting rampage, killing three and wounding two before attempting suicide, shooting and severely wounding himself. In 2013 All ROTC Cadet Summer Training was consolidated at Fort Knox. [24] The items were packed in four crates and then shipped by train to the depository on December 26, 1941. There have been only three reported occasions when guests outside the Treasury Department have made inspection tours of the vault. Slang Define: What is Fort Knox? - meaning and definition In October 1940, the Armored Force School and Armored Force Replacement Center were established, training Soldiers in specific areas such as armor tactics, tank gunnery, communications, and maintenance. In December, the old 1903 military maneuver grounds at nearby West Point became the site for a new artillery range for troops stationed at Camp Taylor. Fort Knox, major U.S. military reservation in Meade, Hardin, and Bullitt counties, northern Kentucky, U.S. The Stryker Interim Armored Vehicle went through extensive testing at Fort Knox during this time. [34][35], The building measures 105 feet (32m) by 121 feet (37m) and is 42 feet (13m) above ground level. [7], On March 1, 1941,[11] United States Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. announced the completion of another shipment totaling 258.74million troy ounces (8,048 metric tons) of gold from the New York Assay office to the depository. by, This page was last edited on 24 June 2023, at 19:45. [4] In 2014, the U.S. Army Cadet Command relocated to Fort Knox and all summer training for ROTC cadets now takes place there. They were given to U.S. military authorities by members of the Royal Hungarian Crown Guard who feared that they would otherwise fall into Soviet hands. Later that year Columbia Pictures arrived at Fort Knox to film the hit military comedy, "Stripes." The initial plans were to be completed by August and called for a 10,000-square-foot (930m2) building costing no more than $450,000 (equivalent to $7,000,000 in 2021). Aside from the piles of gold bars, what else do we know about this fortress of golden steel? Monday - Closed; Tuesday - Saturday - 0900 - 1930; Sunday - 1100-1800; Fort Knox Exchange. Relocating to Fort Knox was Human Resources Command, Army Accessions Command and Cadet Command to join Recruiting Command in formation of the Human Resource Command Center of Excellence. [39], The facility is surrounded by fences and is guarded by the United States Mint Police. In May 1944 they received an opportunity to volunteer for special service units to aid the American Army. Fort Knox is the commonly used name for the U.S. Bullion Depository located next to the U.S. Army base, whose actual name is Fort Knox. The gold stored at Fort Knox represents about 2.5% of all the gold ever refined over the course of history. Near the end of December, most of the troops there had been moved to the permanent camp at Stithton and the maximum number of troops on post reached a high of 9,000. During World War II, armor made great advancements through the development of new tanks, organization, and training. In 2011, the U.S. Army Armor School moved to Fort Moore, Georgia, where the Infantry School is also based. Its purpose was to house gold then stored in New York City and Philadelphia, in keeping with a strategy to move gold reserves away from coastal cities to areas less vulnerable to foreign military attack. 20,000 acres (8,100ha) near the village of Stithton were leased to the government and construction for a permanent training center was started in July 1918. Oct 7 2021 When thinking of secure facilities, one name that constantly comes up in conversation is Fort Knox. Train loads of young men were sent to Fort Knox from West Virginia, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky. Said to have the most secure vault in the world, Fort Knox is reported to be the home of 147.3 million ounces of gold. The Continental United States (CONUS) Replacement Center was activated at Fort Knox to support Operation Desert Shield; designed to send replacements to warfighting commanders in the theater of operations. History of the U.S. Mint. They would train more than 300,000 Soldiers during their time at Fort Knox. History of Fort Knox. With the outbreak of World War II in Europe, the American Army prepared with the creation of the Armored Force and headquartered it at Fort Knox in the summer of 1940. The United States Bullion Depository, often known as Fort Knox, is a fortified vault building located next to the United States Army post of Fort Knox, Kentucky. U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia, specifically Vietnam, gradually increased over a period of years that began with non-combatant military advisors for the South Vietnamese army and phased into the introduction of regular combat troops in 1965. One memory that many basic trainees share is the now iconic sign that everybody passed by during reception that read, "Welcome to the United States Army." The Armored Center was inactivated in October 1945, but reestablished over a year later. [30][31][32] They are:[33], The secondary school, formerly Fort Knox High School, was built in 1958 and has undergone only a handful of renovations since then, including a new building which was completed in 2007. In early 1937 the 1st Cavalry Regiment (Mechanized) was called upon to guard gold moving into the Treasury Departments new depository and assisted during the Ohio River flood that ravaged the area. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000, "US Army Armor Center- Family & Community", "Fort Knox, Kentucky Kppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", Ireland Army Community Hospital, (at Fort Knox), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Knox&oldid=1161742698, Census-designated places in Hardin County, Kentucky, Census-designated places in Bullitt County, Kentucky, Census-designated places in Meade County, Kentucky, Training installations of the United States Army, Military installations established in 1861, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Kingsolver Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten-Grade 1), Van Voorhis Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten-Grade 5), U.S. Army Marketing and Engagement Brigade. This project was undertaken with the aim of persuading the public to support President Harry S. Truman's proposal to require all eligible American men to undergo universal military training. After the war, the depository held the Crown of St. Stephen as well as stockpiles of opium and morphine. The Treasury built the depository in 1936 on land transferred to it from the military. The site is located on what is now the intersection of Bullion Boulevard and Gold Vault Road. Fort Knox - RationalWiki [21] On April 30, 1941, he requested of the Treasury Secretary some thousands of cubic feet at Fort Knox for the most notable items in the library. Davis returned to the U.S. to take command of the 477th Bombardment Group, redesignated the 477th Composite Group the following day. The grounds are monitored by high-resolution night vision video cameras and microphones. Mission. "[19] In December 1940, he directed his staff to create a detailed catalog of the Library of Congress's most "irreplaceable" assets, and the space required to store them. The size and terrain of Camp Knox made this a suitable area for such training. KNOX, FORT. However, to support Armor activities, a battle lab was retained. The United States was thrown into World War II on December 7, 1941 and the Armored Force experienced their first battle fatality the following day. Davis was one out of five black officers to earn their wings from the first training class at Tuskegee Army Air Field and led successful missions with the 99th Pursuit Squadron before commanding the 332d Fighter Group in Italy in 1943. The outer wall is made of granite-lined concrete. Designed by the Quartermaster Corps, most of these buildings comprise todays Fort Knox Historic District. Between the outer perimeter and the depository walls lie rings of razor wire. The Army announced selection of an Interim Armored Vehicle, known as the Stryker, intended to equip the interim brigade combat teams desired by the Army Chief of Staff. [18] As the Battle of Britain was fought during the summer and fall of 1940, MacLeish asked the U.S. Geological Survey about locating underground storage for "valuable paintings and books" and "within reasonable distance of Washington. During World War II the signed original Constitution of the United States, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address and drafts of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address were stored in its vault for protection, as was a Gutenberg Bible and an exemplified copy of Magna Carta. [29] The copy of Magna Carta was returned to England after the war in January 1946. Fort Knox is spread over 61,000 acres (24685 ha) of Hardin. In 1992 the U.S. Army Recruiting Command Headquarters relocated to Fort Knox, a mission responsible for worldwide recruiting and provides the command, control and staff to support the recruiting force as the Army now recruits over 75,000 new Soldiers annually. In 1918 an army camp named Camp Knox, for General Henry T. Knox, was established in Kentucky, thirty-one miles southwest of Louisville. Weapons: Do not bring any weapons to Kentucky. The vault is used to store a large portion of the United States' gold reserves as well as other precious items belonging to or in custody of the federal government. 1937: First shipment of gold January 13 - Fort Knox receives its first shipment of gold from the Philadelphia Mint and New York Assay Office. Selective Service was implemented and thousands of citizen soldiers were ordered to Fort Knox and introduced to the tank. Chief of Artillery, Major General William J. That year ROTC Basic Camp opened at Fort Knox. "Maybe that's why so many people want to talk about basic training at Fort Knox. Fort Knox is well known for being the armor center, as well as home of the Gold Vault. Gilman previously supervised other notable construction projects, including: the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and its approach at Arlington Cemetery and the Kitty Hawk Memorial in North Carolina. Fort Knox is a certified Kentucky city, covering 108,955 acres in three Kentucky (Hardin, Meade and Bullitt) counties. This event explored suitability of tactical vehicles for possible use in the medium weight brigades intended by the Army Chief of Staff as part of the Armys on-going transformation efforts. In February Brigadier General Julian R. Lindsey succeeded Van Voorhis as post commander. 2005 BRAC ANNOUNCEMENT SETS STAGE FOR FORT KNOX TRANSITION. [25][26] U.S. Army Sgt. The items were locked in bronze containers that had been heated for six hours to drive off any moisture. The victim was an employee of the United States Army Human Resources Command and was transported to the Ireland Army Community Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Its torch-and-drill resistant door is 21 inches (53cm) thick and weighs 20 short tons (18 metric tons). Fort Knox: Facts, Trivia, And Stuff You Didn't Know Today it is known to hold ten 1933 Double Eagle gold coins, a 1974-D aluminum penny, and twelve gold (22-karat) Sacagawea dollar coins that flew on the Space Shuttle Columbia, specifically STS-93 in 1999. [25] An air conditioning unit and calcium chloride dryers were installed in the vault. Source: (Photo by Frank Scherschel/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images) Fort Knox is an octogenarian It lies 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Louisville and occupies an area of 172 square miles (445 square km). On November 11, 1918, America celebrated the armistice that ended fighting in World War I and construction at Stithton slowed down dramatically. Is There Gold in Fort Knox? - CBS News For 60 years, Fort Knox was the home of the U.S. Army Armor Center and School, and was used by both the Army and the Marine Corps to train crews on the American tanks of the day; the last was the M1 Abrams main battle tank. Digital technology dictated another transformation in how armor would conduct itself on the battlefield and a Future Combat System was developed. It currently holds roughly 147million troy ounces (4,580 metric tons) of gold bullion, over half of the Treasury's stored gold. Since 1940 Fort Knox has been the U.S. Army Armor Headquarters with various training schools; all U.S. Army armored soldiers serve there at least once during their enlistment. Males had a median income of $26,011 versus $21,048 for females. It is named in honor of Henry Knox, Chief of Artillery in the American Revolutionary War and the first United States Secretary of War. Then in 1955, the center was again activated to resume training before 3rd Armored Division moved to Europe the following year. Range Operations Branch :: U.S. Army Fort Knox: Gold Standard Army This includes Soldiers from the National Guard units attending training. In 2003 the United States began Operation Iraqi Freedom on March 19, capturing Baghdad on April 9. In early 1937 the 1, The 477th Bombardment Group, a black Army Air Force unit, was stationed at Godman Army Airfield at various times during World War II. The next highest holdings were Germany's, whose gold reserves were 3,364 metric tons. [55] The Meade County city of Muldraugh is completely surrounded by Fort Knox. Its glittering gold . Fort Knox Gun Safes For Sale Prices | Buy at the Authorized Dealer FAQ's | Fort Knox A standard view is that the gold "cover" should be 25%. Although its iconic heist scene takes place there, producer Albert Broccoli opted for the small British village of Pebmarsh instead of trying to shoot on restricted military grounds. [12] This amount represented 65.58% of total U.S. gold reserves, which were 635.2million troy ounces (19,757 metric tons) at that time. [22] So special precautions were taken. The 109,000-acre (170sqmi; 440km2)[2] base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin and Meade counties. [14], By the end of 1940, total Treasury reserves stored at all locations rose to 628.4million troy ounces (19,546 metric tons). The United States entry into the First World War in 1917 necessitated the establishment of new military installations. On January 1, 1932, Camp Knox was made a permanent installation once again and since then has been known as Fort Knox. Another of Urbahns' memories involved painful road marches along three unforgettable hills in the area known as Misery, Agony and Heartbreak. In July, when the inventory was complete, and it had been determined that some 40,000 cubic feet would be required for the storage of all unique and irreplaceable materials of the library, the original ten cubic feet offer was raised to 60.3 cubic feet. The United States Bullion Depository, often known as Fort Knox, is a fortified vault building located next to the United States Army post of Fort Knox, Kentucky. The 76th county of the nation, Meade County, was formed in 1823 . The depository was built by the Treasury in 1936 on land transferred to it from Fort Knox. For a short while, from 1925 to 1928, the area was designated as "Camp Henry Knox National Forest."[16]. U.S. coins produced from 1838 through 1933 were made with 90% gold alloyed with 10% copper,[48] while U.K. crown gold coins were minted with a gold proportion of 22 parts to 24 (91+23%). John Hunt Morgan[13] and the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry Regiment of the Confederate Army raided the area before staging his infamous raid across Indiana and Ohio.[14]. The goal: to train "Soldiers in specific areas such as armor tactics, tank gunnery, communications, and maintenance," according to "History of Fort Knox" found on the Fort Knox website at Caution-www.knox.army.mil/About/history.aspx.
Where Do Primary Care Nurses Work,
Hyde Park Events Today,
Basilico's Wellington,
Was Otto Von Bismarck A Good Leader,
Articles W
Русский 
Українська 
English 
Deutsch 
Français 
Español 
Português 
Italiano 
Polski 
Lietuvių kalba 
Română 
Magyar 
Ελληνικά 
Қазақ тілі